scholarly journals Decontamination and Management of Contaminated Hair following a CBRN or HazMat Incident

2019 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Matar ◽  
Andreia Pinhal ◽  
Nevine Amer ◽  
Mark Barrett ◽  
Elliot Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
System A ◽  
Skin Decontamination ◽  
Secondary Contamination

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the “triple protocol” of dry decontamination, the ladder pipe system (a method for gross decontamination), and technical decontamination for the decontamination of hair following chemical contamination. First, we assessed the efficacy of the 3 protocols, alone or in combination, on excised porcine skin and human hair contaminated with either methyl salicylate (MS), phorate (PHR), sodium fluoroacetate (SFA), or potassium cyanide (KCN). A second experiment investigated the residual hair contamination following decontamination with the triple protocol at different intervals postexposure. In a third experiment, hair decontaminated after exposure to MS or PHR was evaluated for off-gassing. Though skin decontamination was highly effective, a substantial proportion (20%–40%) of the lipophilic compounds (MS and PHR) remained within the hair. The more water-soluble contaminants (SFA and KCN) tended to form much smaller reservoirs within the hair. Interestingly, substantial off-gassing of MS, a medium volatility chemical, was detectable from triple-decontaminated hair up to 5 days postexposure. Overall, the decontamination strategies investigated were effective for the decontamination of skin, but less so for hair. These findings highlight the importance of contaminated hair serving as a source of potential secondary contamination by contact or inhalation. Therefore, consideration should be given to the removal of contaminated hair following exposure to toxic chemicals.

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

scholarly journals Ratiometric Polymer Probe for Detection of Peroxynitrite and the Application for Live-Cell Imaging

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3465
Author(s):  
Hio Kuan Lao ◽  
Jingyun Tan ◽  
Chunfei Wang ◽  
Xuanjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity Ratio ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the sources of oxidation stress involved in many biological signaling pathways. The role of ONOO− being a double-edged sword in biological systems drives the development of effective detection tools. In this work, a boronate-based polymeric fluorescent probe PB-PVA was synthesized and the probe performance was evaluated. The probe exhibits ratiometric sensing of ONOO− in a range of 0–6 µM. There is good linear relationship between the probe fluorescence intensity ratio and ONOO− concentration. The probe also displays moderate selectivity towards ONOO− over other ROS. Moreover, it is water-soluble and possesses good biocompatibility which aids the imaging of ONOO− in living cells. These properties could make the probe a promising tool in in vitro study related to ONOO−.

Effects of Polishing versus Glazing on Dental Ceramic Wear: A Comparative In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abujalala ◽  
A. Nehir Özden
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Dental Ceramic ◽  
Chewing Simulation ◽  
System A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cad Cam

This study analyzed the wear behavior caused by steatite antagonists to four dental ceramic materials, comparing this between two surface treatments: polishing and glazing. Methods: Thirty flat samples (10 × 8 × 2 mm) were prepared from each of four ceramics: IPS e. max CAD (IPS), GC Initial LiSi Press (LP), Vita Enamic (VE), and monolithic zirconia (MZ). Subgroups of samples were finished by polishing or glazing or neither (as controls). The samples were subjected to computer-controlled chewing simulation (240,000 cycles of 49 N at 1.6 Hz, with thermocycling at 5/55 C), with steatite balls as antagonists. The samples and antagonists were visualized before and after the test with a laser abrasion measurement system, a CAD/CAM scanner, and electron microscopy scanning, and the volumes lost from the tested samples and antagonists were analyzed. Results: For the MZ samples, the polished samples showed significantly less volume loss than the glazed samples (0.0200 mm3 vs. 0.0305 mm3; p =0.0001), whereas there was significantly greater antagonist volume loss (0.0365 mm3 vs. 0.0240 mm3; p = 0.011). There were no significant differences between the subgroups for IPS, VE, and LP, although antagonist volume losses were non-significantly greater with the glazed samples than with the polished samples. Conclusions: Polishing MZ had adverse effects on the corresponding antagonist wear. Glazed MZ showed the lowest antagonist wear.

scholarly journals Stable archaeal tetraether lipid liposomes for photodynamic application: transfer of carboxyfluorescein to cultured T84 tumor cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Oertl ◽  
Emmanouil Antonopoulos ◽  
Seruni U. Freisleben ◽  
Hans-Joachim Freisleben
Keyword(s):  
Colon Carcinoma ◽  
High Stability ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Colon Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose

Background: Archaeal membranes have phytanyl ether lipids instead of common fatty acid-glycerol esters in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Sulfolobus and Thermoplasma species have unique membrane-spanning tetraether lipids (TEL), which form stable liposomes. Recently, we cultured Thermoplasma species from the Indonesian volcano Tangkuban Perahu and isolated TEL. The purpose of this in vitro study is to investigate the transfer of fluorescent dye from stable TEL liposomes to cultured colon carcinoma cells.Methods: TEL was extracted from cultured cells with chloroform-methanol (1:1), then it was fractionated and purified via diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-acetate columns and activated charcoal for the formation of stable liposomes. For the fluorescence exchange assay, TEL liposomes were loaded with water-soluble carboxyfluorescein (CF). Staining experiments were conducted with various cell cultures, and T84 colon carcinoma cells were chosen for the main experiments. Liposome stability was tested by light scattering and electron microscopic size determinations as well as by unspecific CF release at low pH (6.0–7.4) and increased temperature  (4–50°C/70°C).Results: TEL liposomes exhibit high stability and extremely low proton permeability at low pH. CF staining of cultured T84 colon carcinoma cells appeares more intensive from TEL liposomes than from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes.Conclusion: The results of this in vitro study demonstrate CF staining of colon carcinoma cells and high stability of TEL liposomes at low pH, matching the condition in the gastro-intestinal (GI) route and in the urogentital (UG) tract. For this reason, in vivo studies on liposomal fluorescent photosensitizers for topical application of photodynamic cancer therapy in the GI and UG tracts should be carried out.

In Vitro Study of DNA Interaction with a Water-Soluble Dinitrogen Schiff Base

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Shahabadi ◽  
Soheila Kashanian ◽  
Farivash Darabi
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitro Study

Regiospecific vs. non regiospecific click azide-alkyne polymerization: In vitro study of water-soluble antibacterial poly(amide aminotriazole)s

2021 ◽  
pp. 112113
Author(s):  
Cristian Rangel-Núñez ◽  
Cristina Ramírez-Trujillo ◽  
Khalid Hakkou ◽  
Adrián Suárez-Cruz ◽  
Inmaculada Molina-Pinilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitro Study
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