Ortet-Ramet Relationships of Wood-Specific Gravity in Lodgepole Pine

Abstract Two 8-year-old grafted ramets from 12 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) ortets (wild stand parent trees) were sampled at each of three sites and were assessed for specific gravity with small diameter cores. The broad-sense heritability estimate from the analysis of variance was 0.62, but estimates derived by regressing clone means from ramets on ortet values were 0.49 and 0.54 for juvenile and mature wood, respectively. This relatively high repeatability for specific gravity suggests wild-stand ortet values may be useful for identifying low specific gravity clones in seed orchards, or potential low specific gravity families in breeding populations of lodgepole pine. West. J. Appl. For. 5(2):40-42, April 1990.

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Species, elevation, and diameter affect whitebark pine and lodgepole pine stored resources in the sapwood and phloem: implications for bark beetle outbreaks

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2014-0063 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1312-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eleanor C. Lahr ◽

Anna Sala

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Whitebark Pine ◽

Mountain Pine ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Lodgepole Pines

Stored resources in trees reflect physiological and environmental variables and affect life history traits, including growth, reproduction, resistance to abiotic stress, and defense. However, less attention has been paid to the fact that stored resources also determine tissue nutritional quality and may have direct consequences for the success of herbivores and pathogens. Here, we investigated whether stored resources differed between two hosts of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902): lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex. Loudon), a common host, and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelmann), a more naïve host that grows at higher altitudes. Phloem and sapwood were sampled in small- and large-diameter trees at two elevations, and nitrogen, phosphorus, nonstructural carbohydrates, and lipids were measured. We found that concentrations of stored resources increased with elevation and tree diameter for both species and that whitebark pine had thicker phloem than lodgepole pine. Overall, stored resources were higher in whitebark pine such that small-diameter whitebark pine trees often had resource concentrations higher than large-diameter lodgepole pines. These results suggest that whitebark pine is of higher nutritional quality than lodgepole pine, which could have implications for the current expansion of mountain pine beetles into higher altitude and latitude forests in response to climate warming.

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Genetic control of transition from juvenile to mature wood with respect to microfibril angle in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2018-0140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 1358-1365 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haleh Hayatgheibi ◽

Nils Erik Gustaf Forsberg ◽

Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽

Tommy Mörling ◽

Ewa J. Mellerowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Juvenile Wood ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Narrow Sense Heritability

Genetic control of microfibril angle (MFA) transition from juvenile wood to mature wood was evaluated in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Increment cores were collected at breast height (1.3 m) from 5664 trees in two 21-year-old Norway spruce progeny trials in southern Sweden and from 823 trees in two lodgepole pine progeny trials, aged 34–35 years, in northern Sweden. Radial variations in MFA from pith to bark were measured for each core using SilviScan. To estimate MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood, a threshold level of MFA 20° was considered, and six different regression functions were fitted to the MFA profile of each tree after exclusion of outliers, following three steps. The narrow-sense heritability estimates (h2) obtained for MFA transition were highest based on the slope function, ranging from 0.21 to 0.23 for Norway spruce and from 0.34 to 0.53 for lodgepole pine, while h2 were mostly non-significant based on the logistic function, under all exclusion methods. Results of this study indicate that it is possible to select for an earlier MFA transition from juvenile wood to mature wood in Norway spruce and lodgepole pine selective breeding programs, as the genetic gains (ΔG) obtained in direct selection of this trait were very high in both species.

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The effects of crown ratio on the transition from juvenile to mature wood production in lodgepole pine in western Canada

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-299 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 1450-1459 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shawn D. Mansfield ◽

Roberta Parish ◽

James W. Goudie ◽

Kyu-Young Kang ◽

Peter Ott

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Stand Density ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Tree Age ◽

Wood Production ◽

Crown Length ◽

Pine Trees

Crown depth, tree spacing, and stand density have major effects on wood quality and fibre characteristics of trees. Lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Doug. ex Loud.) trees from a mixture of plantation and fire origin stands were employed to determine how crown ratio, a surrogate for stand density, affected mature wood production. In total, 104 trees were sampled, ranging from 24 to 110 years of age, from stands in western Alberta and interior British Columbia, Canada. Samples taken along the bole were measured for wood density, which was subject to segmented regression analysis to identify the transition point from juvenile to mature wood production. On average, the lodgepole pine trees were 31 (±17 SD) years old before mature wood production began. A mixed-effects model, in which combination of fixed effects (tree age, height of the sample disc relative to crown base, and crown length) and random effects (site, trees nested in sites, and discs nested in both trees and sites) proved to be the best predictor of years of mature wood production along the bole. The transition from juvenile to mature wood was shown to be below the crown base in trees <50 years old with deep crowns, and above the crown base otherwise.

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Verbenone Reduces Mountain Pine Beetle Attack in Lodgepole Pine

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/18.4.229 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 229-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R.A. Progar

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Host Trees ◽

Mountain Pine ◽

Large Trees ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

Recreation Area ◽

Pine Beetles

Abstract Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is the most common cause of mortality of mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). In 2000–2002 the antiaggregative compound verbenone was applied annually to the same lodgepole pine stands in campgrounds and resort facilities at the Sawtooth National Recreation Area in central Idaho to assess its ability in deterring mountain pine beetle attack through the course of a multiyear outbreak. Verbenone was applied at the rate of forty 5g pouches/ac releasing 25–35 mg/24h at 20°C. Significantly fewer trees were attacked and killed in the verbenone plots during 2000 and 2001. However, of the plots containing verbenone, a higher percentage of large trees were attacked in the second year of treatment, suggesting that the efficacy of verbenone may diminish under increasing beetle pressure. In 2002, there were nearly twice as many trees attacked and killed in the verbenone plots as in the untreated plots. It is hypothesized that the change in the performance of verbenone may be due to the large beetle population overwhelming the treatment or because mountain pine beetles undergo a change in their response to verbenone that may be attributed to small diameter host trees. West. J. Appl. For. 18(4):229–232.

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Forest structure altered by mountain pine beetle outbreaks affects subsequent attack in a Wyoming lodgepole pine forest, USA

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-142 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2403-2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel M. Kashian ◽

Rebecca M. Jackson ◽

Heather D. Lyons

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Mountain Pine Beetle ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Cone Production ◽

Mountain Pine ◽

Large Trees ◽

Pine Beetle ◽

The 1960S

Extensive outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) will alter the structure of many stands that will likely be attacked again before experiencing a stand-replacing fire. We examined a stand of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) in Grand Teton National Park currently experiencing a moderate-level outbreak and previously attacked by mountain pine beetle in the 1960s. Consistent with published studies, tree diameter was the main predictor of beetle attack on a given tree, large trees were preferentially attacked, and tree vigor, age, and cone production were unimportant variables for beetle attack at epidemic levels. Small trees killed in the stand were killed based mainly on their proximity to large trees and were likely spatially aggregated with large trees as a result of the previous outbreak. We concluded that the driving factors of beetle attack and their spatial patterns are consistent across outbreak severities but that stand structure altered by the previous outbreak had implications for the current outbreaks in the same location. This study should catalyze additional research that examines how beetle-altered stand structure affects future outbreaks — an important priority for predicting their impacts under climate change scenarios that project increases in outbreak frequency and extent.

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Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-059 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1314-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter V Blenis ◽

Wuhan Li

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Tree Height ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Main Stem ◽

Tree Age ◽

Precommercial Thinning ◽

Two Factors ◽

Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

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Modeling the effects of fire and climate change on carbon and nitrogen storage in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01659.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 535-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

E. A. H. SMITHWICK ◽

M. G. RYAN ◽

D. M. KASHIAN ◽

W. H. ROMME ◽

D. B. TINKER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Nitrogen Storage ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen

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Pathogenicity of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-312 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 2368-2371 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Keith N. Egger ◽

J. W. Paden

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Seed Infection

Forty isolates of postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) were tested for in vitro pathogenicity on seeds and germinants of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two known pathogens, Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. and Botrytis cinerea Pers., were included as a check of the method. Caloscypha fulgens was the only fungus that caused serious declines in seed germination, although several species of postfire Pezizales were capable of preemergence seed infection. Rhizina undulata Fr. and Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger were strongly pathogenic on germinants. Pyropyxis rubra was not previously known to be pathogenic. Many isolates were weakly pathogenic on germinants under the conditions tested.

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