Probability and Random Distributions

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
T. C. Nelsen
Keyword(s):  
Random Distributions

scholarly journals Weakly approaching sequences of random distributions

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Belyaev ◽  
Sara Sjöstedt-de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Weak Convergence ◽  
Limit Distribution ◽  
Continuity Theorem ◽  
Statistics And Probability ◽  
Random Distributions

We introduce the notion of weakly approaching sequences of distributions, which is a generalization of the well-known concept of weak convergence of distributions. The main difference is that the suggested notion does not demand the existence of a limit distribution. A similar definition for conditional (random) distributions is presented. Several properties of weakly approaching sequences are given. The tightness of some of them is essential. The Cramér-Lévy continuity theorem for weak convergence is generalized to weakly approaching sequences of (random) distributions. It has several applications in statistics and probability. A few examples of applications to resampling are given.

scholarly journals PLACENTAL STEREOLOGY: SPANNING THE LEVELS FROM MOLECULE TO WHOLE ORGAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Terry M Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Villous Trophoblast ◽  
Quantitative Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Random Distributions ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Different Levels

Stereology can provide hard (functionally-relevant) quantitative information at different levels of 3D structural organization. My researches have applied established methods to study organ function and developed novel methods to study subcellular localization of marker probes. We have studied whole-organ function (passive diffusion) in the human placenta and quantified various processes at tissue and subcellular levels and in normal and complicated pregnancies. Fetoplacental angiogenesis and villous growth and maturation involve phased changes particularly around mid-gestation. Growth is associated with increased numbers of cells or nuclei and counts have shown that villous trophoblast continuously renews itself via cytotrophoblast (CT) proliferation and recruitment and syncytiotrophoblast (ST) differentiation and extrusion. Integration of these processes results in changes in total oxygen (O2) diffusive conductance which match the growing fetal mass. Similar processes occur during development of the mouse placenta and at least some are compromised in human pregnancies. For example: [a] in pure pre-eclampsia (PE), villous and fetoplacental vascular volumes and surfaces are similar to those seen in uncomplicated pregnancies but reduced in pure intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and in PE+IUGR; [b] trophoblast extrusion is accelerated in PE and IUGR but the latter exhibits reduced CT proliferation and this perturbed steady state leads to smaller trophoblast volumes and surfaces; [c] O2 diffusive conductances alter in various pregnancy complications, including IUGR and PE+IUGR; [d] fetal weight is diminished, but diffusive transport increases, in placentas from mice exposed to urban air pollution. Finally, innovations in quantitative immunoelectron microscopy (immunoEM) have produced a portfolio of methods for revealing non-random distributions of marker gold particles in different cellular compartments and for testing whether patterns shift following experimental manipulation. Recently, the methods have been extended to study tissue and cellular distributions of nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Random distributions via Sequential Quantile Array

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1611-1647
Author(s):  
Annalisa Fabretti ◽  
Samantha Leorato
Keyword(s):  
Random Distributions

Variant Genotypes of the Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptors in Two Control Populations and a Review of Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptor Polymorphisms in Control and Disease Populations

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4220-4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lehrnbecher ◽  
Charles B. Foster ◽  
Shaoxian Zhu ◽  
Susan F. Leitman ◽  
Lynn R. Goldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Fcγ Receptors ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Variant Alleles ◽  
Random Distributions ◽  
And Control

Abstract Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) provide a critical link between humoral and cellular immunity. The genes of the low-affinity receptors for IgG and their isoforms, namely, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIIb, and SH-FcγRIIIb, are located in close proximity on chromosome 1q22. Variant alleles may differ in biologic activity and a number of studies have reported the frequencies of variant FcγR alleles in both disease and control populations. No large study has evaluated the possibility of a nonrandom distribution of variant genotypes. We analyzed 395 normal individuals (172 African Americans [AA] and 223 Caucasians [CA]) at the following loci: FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb, including the SH-FcγRIIIb. The genotypic distributions of FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb conform to the Hardy-Weinberg law in each group. There was no strong evidence that combinations of 2-locus genotypes of the 3 loci deviated from random distributions in these healthy control populations. The distribution of SH-FcγRIIIb is underrepresented in CA compared with AA (P < .0001) controls. A previously reported variant FcγRIIb was not detected in 70 normal individuals, indicating that this allele, if it exists, is very rare (<1%). In conclusion, we present data that should serve as the foundation for the interpretation of association studies involving multiple variant alleles of the low-affinity FcγR.

scholarly journals Risk-Controlled Multiobjective Portfolio Selection Problem Using a Principle of Compromise

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hasuike ◽  
Hideki Katagiri
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Selection ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Multiobjective Programming ◽  
Exact Algorithm ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Portfolio Selection Problem ◽  
Multiobjective Programming Problem ◽  
Random Distributions

This paper proposes a multiobjective portfolio selection problem with most probable random distribution derived from current market data and other random distributions of boom and recession under the risk-controlled parameters determined by an investor. The current market data and information include not only historical data but also interpretations of economists’ oral and linguistic information, and hence, the boom and recession are often caused by these nonnumeric data. Therefore, investors need to consider several situations from most probable condition to boom and recession and to avoid the risk less than the target return in each situation. Furthermore, it is generally difficult to set random distributions of these cases exactly. Therefore, a robust-based approach for portfolio selection problems using the only mean values and variances of securities is proposed as a multiobjective programming problem. In addition, an exact algorithm is developed to obtain an explicit optimal portfolio using a principle of compromise.

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