The Determinant of Potyvirus Ability to Overcome the RTM Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana Maps to the N-Terminal Region of the Coat Protein

In Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col-0) plants, the restriction of Tobacco etch virus (TEV) long-distance movement involves at least three dominant RTM (restricted TEV movement) genes named RTM1, RTM2, and RTM3. Previous work has established that, while the RTM-mediated resistance is also effective against other potyviruses, such as Plum pox virus (PPV) and Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), some isolates of these viruses are able to overcome the RTM mechanism. In order to identify the viral determinant of this RTM-resistance breaking, the biological properties of recombinants between PPV-R, which systemically infects Col-0, and PPV-PSes, restricted by the RTM resistance, were evaluated. Recombinants that contain the PPV-R coat protein (CP) sequence in an RTM-restricted background are able to systemically infect Col-0. The use of recombinants carrying chimeric CP genes indicated that one or more PPV resistance-breaking determinants map to the 5′ half of the CP gene. In the case of LMV, sequencing of independent RTM-breaking variants recovered after serial passages of the LMV AF199 isolate on Col-0 plants revealed, in each case, amino acid changes in the CP N-terminal region, close to the DAG motif. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the potyvirus CP N-terminal region determines the outcome of the interaction with the RTM-mediated resistance.

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Multiple Resistance Traits Control Plum pox virus Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-19-0541 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 541-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

V. Decroocq ◽

O. Sicard ◽

J. M. Alamillo ◽

M. Lansac ◽

J. P. Eyquard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recessive Gene ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Plum Pox Virus ◽

Local Infection ◽

Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽

Long Distance ◽

Resistance Pathway ◽

Long Distance Movement ◽

First Time

Twelve Arabidopsis accessions were challenged with Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) isolates representative of the four PPV strains. Each accession supported local and systemic infection by at least some of the PPV isolates, but high variability was observed in the behavior of the five PPV isolates or the 12 Arabidopsis accessions. Resistance to local infection or long-distance movement occurred in about 40% of all the accession-isolate combinations analyzed. Except for Nd-1, all accessions showed resistance to local infection by PPV-SoC; in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) accession, this resistance was compromised by sgt1 and rar1 mutations, suggesting that it could be controlled by an R gene-mediated resistance pathway. While most of the susceptible accessions were symptomless, PPV induced severe symptoms on inflorescences in C24, Ler, and Bay-0 as early as 15 days after inoculation. Genetic analyses indicated that these interaction phenotypes are controlled by different genetic systems. The restriction of long-distance movement of PPV-El Amar and of another member of genus Potyvirus, Lettuce mosaic virus, in Col-0 requires the RTM genes, indicating for the first time that the RTM system may provide a broad range, potyvirus-specific protection against systemic infection. The restriction to PPVPS long-distance movement in Cvi-1 is controlled by a single recessive gene, designated rpv1, which was mapped to chromosome 1. The nuclear inclusion polymerase b-capsid protein region of the viral genome appears to be responsible for the ability of PPV-R to overcome rpv1-mediated resistance.

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A Sobemovirus coat protein gene complements long-distance movement of a coat protein-null Dianthovirus

Virology ◽

10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.037 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 330 (1) ◽

pp. 186-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Anton S. Callaway ◽

Carol G. George ◽

Steven A. Lommel

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Coat Protein Gene ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Movement

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The N-Terminal Region of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Is a Host- and Strain-Specific Long-Distance Transport Factor

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.02044-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 1718-1731 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

S. Tatineni ◽

D. H. Van Winkle ◽

R. French

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Terminal Region ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Virus Coat Protein ◽

Transport Factor ◽

Virus Coat ◽

Distance Transport

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Hibiscus Chlorotic Ringspot Virus Coat Protein Is Essential for Cell-to-Cell and Long-Distance Movement but Not for Viral RNA Replication

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0113347 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e113347 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shengniao Niu ◽

Francisco M. Gil-Salas ◽

Sunil Kumar Tewary ◽

Ashwin Kuppusamy Samales ◽

John Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Rna Replication ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Viral Rna ◽

Long Distance ◽

Virus Coat Protein ◽

Virus Coat ◽

Long Distance Movement

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Identification and characterization of a locus (RTM1) that restricts long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus in Arabidopsis thaliana

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00105.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Sunita K. Mahajan ◽

Stephen T. Chisholm ◽

Steven A. Whitham ◽

James C. Carrington

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Tobacco Etch Virus ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Movement ◽

Identification And Characterization

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Reciprocal function of movement proteins and complementation of long-distance movement of Cymbidium mosaic virus RNA by Odontoglossum ringspot virus coat protein

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.80772-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 1543-1553 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Prabha Ajjikuttira ◽

Chiang-Shiong Loh ◽

Sek-Man Wong

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Deficient Mutant ◽

Long Distance ◽

Cymbidium Mosaic Virus ◽

Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus ◽

Long Distance Movement

Complementation of movement and coat proteins of the orchid-infecting potexvirus Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and tobamovirus Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) was investigated. Nicotiana benthamiana, which is susceptible to both CymMV and ORSV, was used as a model system. Four transgenic lines, each harbouring one of the movement protein (MP) or coat protein (CP) genes of CymMV or ORSV, were constructed. The MP of CymMV consists of three overlapping open reading frames, together called the triple-gene block (TGB). CymMV and ORSV mutants, each carrying an inactivated MP or CP, were generated from the respective biologically active full-length cDNA clones. Complementation was studied by infecting transgenic plants with in vitro transcripts generated from these mutants. The cell-to-cell movement of a movement-deficient CymMV was restored in transgenic plants carrying the ORSV MP transgene. Similarly, CymMV TGB1 transgenic plants were able to rescue the cell-to-cell movement of a movement-deficient ORSV mutant. ORSV CP transgenic plants supported systemic movement of a CymMV CP-deficient mutant. However, in these plants, neither encapsidation of CymMV RNA with ORSV CP nor CymMV CP expression was detected. Long-distance movement of an ORSV CP-deficient mutant was not supported by CymMV CP. The complementation of MPs and CPs of CymMV and ORSV facilitates movement of these viruses in plants, except for long-distance movement of ORSV RNA by CymMV CP.

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