scholarly journals Reactions of Perennial Grain Accessions to Four Major Cereal Pathogens of the Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Cox ◽  
K. A. Garrett ◽  
T. S. Cox ◽  
W. W. Bockus ◽  
T. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Perennial Grain ◽  
Take All

Methods of disease management used in annual grain crops, especially cultural practices designed to disrupt the disease cycle of a particular pathogen, will not necessarily be applicable to perennial grain crops. Resistance to multiple pathogens, therefore, will clearly be important in disease management. The objective of this research was to evaluate disease resistance in 10 perennial grain accessions (one to two accessions of each: perennial wheat (Thinopyrum sp. × Triticum aestivum), intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), perennial rye (Secale montanum), hexaploid triticale (Triticum turgidum × S. montanum), octoploid triticale (Triticum aestivum × S. montanum), tetraploid perennial rye (Secale cereale × S. montanum), and tall wheat-grass (Thinopyrum ponticum)) to tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), take-all (caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici), wheat streak mosaic, and barley yellow dwarf, four important diseases of the Great Plains. Several of the grasses were resistant to tan spot, barley yellow dwarf, and wheat streak mosaic. Indeed, the wild grasses and perennial donors T. intermedium (including BFPMC1), T. ponticum, and S. montanum, in addition to Permontra, a tetraploid perennial rye, were highly resistant to all three diseases. Additionally, the remaining grasses tested were also more resistant to tan spot than the susceptible wheat control. However, none of the 10 grass accessions appeared highly resistant to take-all, and substantial losses in biomass were observed, although such effects may be moderated under field conditions due to the potential for take-all decline in perennial plantings.

The separate and combined effects of barley yellow dwarf virus and take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on the growth and yield of wheat

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Sward ◽  
JF Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

The single and combined effects of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) on wheat, cv. Condor, were determined in field and glasshouse trials. Before and after tillering, aphids with BYDV were fed on plants growing in soil with different proportions of dead and live inoculum of Ggt. Each pathogen reduced grain yield and increased the number of deadheads. In a number of cases, especially in the field, the combined effect of BYDV and Ggt was greater than a simple additive effect of either pathogen alone. Grain yield per plot and grain weight per head were each reduced, whilst the incidence of deadheads was increased, particularly following infection with BYDV after tillering. A possible mechanism to explain the interaction of the two pathogens is discussed.

scholarly journals Serodetection of viruses associated to barley yellow dwarf (BYD) on cereals in Algeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Belkahla ◽  
H. Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Das Elisa

Surveys on viruses associated with Barley Yellow Dwarf (BYD) and their vectors were carried out in Algerian cereal areas (Guelma, Constantine, Algiers, Sidi-belabes, Adrar) in 1997 and 1998. Rhopalosiphum padi was present in all zones of culture, whereas R. maidis, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae and Schizaphis graminum had only local distributions. In most areas BYD-like symptoms, i.e. dwarfing and yellowing of barley (Hordeum vulgare), dwarfing and reddening of oat (Avena sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), were observed. Serological tests were done on these crops using DAS-ELISA (RMV and SGV) or TAS-ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specifie to CYDV-RPV or using different variant specifie BYDV-PAV (CpA and CpB) and BYDV-MAV monoclonal antibodies. BYDV-PAV was prevalent and few plant samples carrying RMV, SGV, BYDV-MAV or CYDV-RPV were detected. The relative frequencies of BYDV-PAV CpA and CpB serotypes were variable depending on the area and the crop season. The range of symptoms induced on barley by both Algerian BYDV-PAV CpB and BYDV-PAV CpA serotypes was mild to severe. Twenty-one BYDV-MAV isolates were compared using monoclonal antibodies, which distinguish two serotypes of this virus. Only one serotype was detected. This same serotype is also the most prevalent in Europe.

Effect of Herbicides on Take-All Disease (Gaeumannomyces graminis) in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
Ray M. Geddens ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby ◽  
Robert L. Powelson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Take All

Experiments were conducted in each of two seasons to determine possible effects of diclofop, difenzoquat, dinoseb, and mecoprop on the incidence of take-all disease and grain yield of winter wheat. All of the herbicides, especially mecoprop, reduced incidence of take-all. Treatments increased grain yields the first year but not the second, compared to the inoculated weed-free control. None of the herbicides tested increased incidence or severity of take-all disease in either of the two seasons. The technique of inoculating disease-free soil was successful in obtaining uniform and reproducible incidence of disease.

Cytological and molecular characterization of a Triticum aestivum × Lophopyrum ponticum backcross derivative resistant to barley yellow dwarf

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan-Yuan Zhong ◽  
Patrick E. Mcguire ◽  
Calvin O. Qualset ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Lophopyrum Ponticum

Barley yellow dwarf is the most damaging virus-caused disease in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A resistant line, SW335.1.2-13-11-1-5 (2n = 47), derived from a cross of T. aestivum × Lophopyrum ponticum was characterized by meiotic chromosome pairing, by in situ DNA hybridization and by expression of molecular markers to determine its chromosome constitution. All progeny of this line had three pairs of L. ponticum chromosomes from homoeologous chromosome groups 3, 5, and 6 and the 2n = 47 progeny had an additional L. ponticum monosome. The pairs from groups 3 and 6 were in the added state, while the group 5 pair was substituted for wheat chromosome 5D. Several wheat–wheat translocations with respect to the parental wheat genotype occurred in this line, presumably owing to the promotion of homoeologous chromosome pairing by L. ponticum chromosomes. It was hypothesized that homoeologous recombination results in homoeologous duplication–deletions in wheat chromosomes. An aberrant 3:1 disjunction creates the potential at each meiosis for replacement of these wheat chromosomes by homoeologous L. ponticum chromosomes. Wheat chromosomes 3A and 6A appeared to be in intermediate stages of this substitution process.Key words: wheat, wheatgrass, Lophopyrum, barley yellow dwarf virus, disease resistance, homoeologous chromosome recombination, homoeologous pairing, alien chromosome substitution.

The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedling Roots Against the Take-All Fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Seah ◽  
K Sivasithamparam ◽  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedling Roots ◽  
Take All

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) applied as foliar dip, foliar wipe, root drench or pre-germination soak on the susceptibility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier var. tritici Walker (take-all fungus, Ggt) was studied. It was hypothesised that an increase in SA concentration applied using these methods would increase the resistance in wheat seedling roots against Ggt. Leaves (by foliar wipe and foliar dip) and roots (by root drench) of 1-2-week-old wheat seedlings grown in Lancelin sand, were treated with 0, 0.1 or 1 mM SA, and treatments of 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mM SA were applied in a pre-germination soak method. Ggt infection reduced (P Ͱ4 0.05) chlorophyll content and concentration and root length (P Ͱ4 0.10). Experiments that were conducted suggested that the SA treatments failed to induce a resistance response because they did not stimulate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities in the wheat seedling roots. Therefore, SA applied using these methods was not effective in reducing the susceptibility of wheat seedlings to Ggt. The chemical or biological induction of resistance in plant roots and its applicability as a root disease control strategy requires further clarification.

scholarly journals Resistance to barley yellow dwarf luteovirus in Aegilops species

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Makkouk ◽  
W. Ghulam ◽  
A. Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Tissue Blot Immunoassay ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Luteovirus

One thousand and ninety-seven Aegilops accessions were evaluated for their reaction to a PAV serotype of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV). The accessions tested belong to the species bicornis, biuncialis, caudata, crassa, columnaris, comosa, cylindrica, kotschyi, longissima, mutica, neglecta (= triaristata 4 ×), ovata, peregrina, searsii, sharonensis, speltoides, tauschii (= squarrosa), triuncialis, umbellulata, uniaristata, vavilovii and ventricosa. The first evaluation of virus levels in the different accessions was conducted at International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria, using double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA). Accession reaction ranged from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Thirty-eight Aegilops accessions resistant at ICARDA, were evaluated at Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada, by tissue-blot immunoassay. Diversity of response to BYDV infection was again observed in this elite group. Seven accessions belonging to the species biuncialis, caudata, neglecta and triuncialis were highly BYDV resistant at both locations; five of these originated from Bulgaria. Key words: Introgression, interspecific, Triticum aestivum, BYDV, ELISA, immunoassay, tissue blot

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