scholarly journals First Report of Shot Hole Disease on Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) Caused by Micrococcus aloeverae in Ireland

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 2722-2722
Author(s):  
L. Smith ◽  
H. A. Y. Gibriel ◽  
C. Brennan ◽  
M. del Pino de Elias ◽  
A. Twamley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Report ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Prunus Laurocerasus

scholarly journals First report of leaf blight caused by Phytophthora ramorum on cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) in Washington State, USA.

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Elliott ◽  
Lucy Rollins ◽  
Tyler Bourret ◽  
Gary Chastagner
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Zoospore Suspension ◽  
Prunus Laurocerasus

In April 2014, Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock & Man in't Veld) was recovered from symptomatic foliage of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) at an ornamental plant nursery in Washington State. Cherry laurel, also known as English laurel, is widely propagated in WA because it is commonly used in landscaping. It is invasive in forests near the urban/wildland interface in the western US and in Europe (Rusterholz et al. 2018). Given its popularity as an ornamental species, the potential of this host to spread P. ramorum is of regulatory concern due to possible long distance spread to other states via nursery stock. Foliar symptoms consisted of dark brown lesions near wounds or around leaf margins where water collected. Shot-hole symptoms characterized by abscission zones and dropping of infected tissues were also observed. Lesions expanded beyond the margin of the shot-hole in some cases (Figure S1A). Phytophthora was isolated from symptomatic foliage by surface-sterilizing leaf pieces in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite and 2 rinses in sterile water. They were plated on PARP medium (Ferguson and Jeffers 1999). After 2-3 days, a slow-growing dense colony with coralloid hyphae was isolated onto V8 agar. P. ramorum was identified by observing morphological features (Figure S1B). Colony and spore morphology matched that of P. ramorum (Werres et al. 2001). The isolate was confirmed as P. ramorum by PCR and sequencing of ITS and COX1 regions using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and COX1F1/COX1R1 (Van Poucke et al. 2012). Sequences were submitted to GenBank (accession nos. ITS MT031969, COX1 MT031968). BLAST results showed at least 99% similarity with sequences of P. ramorum (ITS, KJ755124 [100%]; COX1, EU124926 [99%]). Multilocus genotyping with microsatellite markers placed the isolate in the EU1 clonal lineage. Pathogenicity of P. ramorum on cherry laurel was confirmed by completing Koch's Postulates using the isolate taken from this host. Two trials were done in a biocontainment chamber (USDA-APHIS permit # 65857) since P. ramorum is a quarantine pathogen and greenhouse trials could not be conducted, using detached stems from mature, visibly healthy cherry laurel plants growing in a landscape. Phytophthora ramorum inoculum was grown on V8A plates at 20®C for 2 weeks until sporangia were abundant. A zoospore suspension was produced by flooding plates with 7 ml sterile water, incubating for 2 hours at 5®C, then 1 hour at 24®C. Zoospores were observed with light microscopy, quantified with a hemocytometer and diluted to 1 x 104 zoospores/ml. A 10 µl droplet was placed at 3 wounded and 3 unwounded sites on 4 leaves per branch. In addition, a set of samples was inoculated by dipping foliage into the zoospore suspension for 30 seconds. A set of controls was mock inoculated using sterile water. Four branches per inoculation treatment were used and the trial was repeated once. Inoculated plant materials were incubated in moist chambers for 3-5 days at 20®C. Free moisture was present on foliage upon removal. Symptom development was assessed after incubation in the biocontainment chamber at 20®C for 7 days (Figure S1C). Phytophthora ramorum was reisolated from symptomatic tissue and the recovered culture was verified morphologically and by PCR and sequencing. It was isolated more often from foliage dipped in zoospore suspension than droplet inoculated, and more from wounded than unwounded sites. None of the water-inoculated controls were positive for P. ramorum. The presence of P. ramorum was also confirmed with DNA extraction from surface-sterilized symptomatic foliage followed by PCR and sequencing of the COX1 gene (EU124926, 100%) (Figure S2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. ramorum naturally infecting cherry laurel in the United States. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis project 1019284 and USDA APHIS Cooperative Agreement AP17PPQS&T00C070 Literature cited Ferguson and Jeffers, 1999. Plant Disease 83:1129-1136 Van Poucke, K. et al. 2012. Fungal Biology 116: 1178-1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2012.09.003 Werres, S. et al. 2001. Mycol. Res. 105:1155-1165. White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Hydrodistillation of essential oil from cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) leaves: kinetics and chemical composition

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lazić ◽  
I Stanisavljević ◽  
D Veličković ◽  
S Stojičević ◽  
V Veljković
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Prunus Laurocerasus

Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) leaves

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Stanisavljević ◽  
M Lazić ◽  
N Radulović ◽  
V Veljković
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
Prunus Laurocerasus

Peronospora sparsa. [Distribution map].

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New South ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cherry Laurel ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe ◽  
Prunus Laurocerasus

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Peronospora sparsa. Oomycota: Peronosporales. Hosts: cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), Rosa species and Rubus species. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Andorra; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Montenegro; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russia; Canary Islands, Spain; Switzerland; England, Wales and Scotland, UK; and Ukraine), Asia (Azerbaijan; Brunei Darussalam; Liaoning, China; Karnataka, India; Iran; Israel; Japan; and Korea Republic), Africa (Mauritius, Morocco and South Africa), North America (British Columbia and Ontario, Canada, and Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin, USA), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) and Oceania (New Zealand and New South Wales, Australia).

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