Quantification of Yield Loss Caused by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus in Winter Wheat Under Field Conditions

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) infect winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. The two viruses are transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella), which also transmit High Plains virus. In a field study conducted in 2011 and 2012, winter wheat cultivars Millennium (WSMV-susceptible) and Mace (WSMV-resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. Chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), grain yield (=yield), yield components (spikes/m2, kernels/spike, 1,000-kernel weight), and aerial dry matter were determined. In Millennium, all measured variables were significantly reduced by single or double virus inoculation, with the greatest reductions occurring in the double-inoculated treatment. Among the yield components, the greatest reductions occurred in spikes/m2. In Mace, only AUSPC was significantly reduced by the TriMV+WSMV treatment in 2012. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.05), negative linear relationship between SPAD readings and day of year in all inoculation treatments in Millennium and in the TriMV+WSMV treatment in Mace. There were significant (P ≤ 0.05), positive linear relationships between yield and SPAD readings and between yield and aerial dry matter in Millennium but not in Mace. The results from this study indicate that under field conditions, (i) Mace, a WSMV-resistant cultivar, is also resistant to TriMV, and (ii) double inoculation of winter wheat by TriMV and WSMV exacerbates symptom expression and yield loss in a susceptible cultivar.

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Effects of Single and Double Infections of Winter Wheat by Triticum mosaic virus and Wheat streak mosaic virus on Yield Determinants

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-11-0957-re ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 859-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

E. Byamukama ◽

S. Tatineni ◽

G. L. Hein ◽

R. A. Graybosch ◽

P. S. Baenziger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

The United States ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Root Weight ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Double Infection ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Spad Readings

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is a recently discovered virus infecting wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. It is transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella) which also transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat mosaic virus. In a greenhouse study, winter wheat ‘Millennium’ (WSMV susceptible) and ‘Mace’ (WSMV resistant) were mechanically inoculated with TriMV, WSMV, TriMV+WSMV, or sterile water at the two-leaf growth stage. At 28 days after inoculation, final chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development [SPAD]) readings, area under the SPAD progress curve (AUSPC), the number of tillers per plant, shoot and root weight, and total nitrogen and carbon content were determined. In Millennium, all measured variables were significantly reduced by single or double virus infections, with the greatest reductions occurring in the double-infection treatment. In Mace, only final SPAD readings, AUSPC, and total nitrogen were significantly reduced by single or double virus infections. There was a significant (P ≤ 0.05), positive linear relationship between SPAD readings and shoot weight in Millennium but not in Mace. The relationship between total nitrogen and shoot weight was positive, linear, and significant in both cultivars. The results from this study indicate that Mace, a WSMV-resistant cultivar, is also resistant to TriMV, and double infection of winter wheat by TriMV and WSMV exacerbates symptom expression and loss of biomass in susceptible cultivars.

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Incidence of Wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus in Wheat Curl Mites Recovered from Maturing Winter Wheat Spikes

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-15-0692-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 318-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. Byamukama ◽

S. Tatineni ◽

G. Hein ◽

J. McMechan ◽

S. N. Wegulo

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

The United States ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Sticky Tape

Wheat curl mites (WCM; Aceria tosichella) transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains region of the United States. These viruses can be detected in single, double, or triple combinations in leaf samples. Information on incidence of viruses in WCM at the end of the growing season is scant. The availability of this information can enhance our knowledge of the epidemiology of WCM-transmitted viruses. This research was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence of WSMV, TriMV, and WMoV in WCM populations on field-collected maturing wheat spikes and to determine differences in WCM densities in three geographical regions (southeast, west-central, and panhandle) in Nebraska. Maturing wheat spikes were collected from 83 fields across Nebraska in 2011 and 2012. The spikes were placed in proximity to wheat seedlings (three- to four-leaf stage) in WCM-proof cages in a growth chamber and on sticky tape. WCM that moved off the drying wheat spikes in cages infested the wheat seedlings. WCM that moved off wheat spikes placed on sticky tape were trapped on the tape and were counted under a dissecting microscope. At 28 days after infestation, the wheat plants were tested for the presence of WSMV, TriMV, or WMoV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. WSMV was the most predominant virus detected in wheat seedlings infested with WCM from field-collected spikes. Double (TriMV+WSMV or WMoV+WSMV) or triple (TriMV+ WMoV +WSMV) virus detections were more frequent (47%) than single detections (5%) of TriMV or WSMV. Overall, 81% of the wheat seedlings infested with WCM tested positive for at least one virus. No significant association (P > 0.05) was found between regions for WCM trapped on tape. These results suggest that WCM present on mature wheat spikes harbor multiple wheat viruses and may explain high virus incidence when direct movement of WCM into emerging winter wheat occurs in the fall.

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Occurrence and Distribution of Triticum mosaic virus in the Central Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-12-0535-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

E. Byamukama ◽

D. L. Seifers ◽

G. L. Hein ◽

E. De Wolf ◽

N. A. Tisserat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

South Dakota ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Great Plains ◽

The United States ◽

High Plains ◽

Double Infection ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmitted viruses—namely, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV)—are three of the wheat-infecting viruses in the central Great Plains of the United States. TriMV is newly discovered and its prevalence and incidence are largely unknown. Field surveys were carried out in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota in spring and fall 2010 and 2011 to determine TriMV prevalence and incidence and the frequency of TriMV co-infection with WSMV or HPV in winter wheat. WSMV was the most prevalent and was detected in 83% of 185 season–counties (= s-counties), 73% of 420 season–fields (= s-fields), and 35% of 12,973 samples. TriMV was detected in 32, 6, and 6% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. HPV was detected in 34, 15, and 4% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. TriMV was detected in all four states. In all, 91% of TriMV-positive samples were co-infected with WSMV, whereas WSMV and HPV were mainly detected as single infections. The results from this study indicate that TriMV occurs in winter wheat predominantly as a double infection with WSMV, which will complicate breeding for resistance to WCM-transmitted viruses.

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Resistance to Systemic Spread of High Plains Virus and Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Cosegregates in Two F2 Maize Populations Inoculated with Both Pathogens

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700060042x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1923-1927 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Marçon ◽

S.M. Kaeppler ◽

S.G. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

High Plains ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Systemic Spread

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Generation means analysis of wheat streak mosaic virus resistance in winter wheat

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-004-2490-y ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. 133-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frederick Hakizimana ◽

Amir M.H. Ibrahim ◽

Marie A.C. Langham ◽

Jackie C. Rudd ◽

Scott D. Haley

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Generation Means ◽

Generation Means Analysis

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Wheat streak mosaic virus detected in winter wheat in Lithuania

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture ◽

10.13080/z-a.2015.102.014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laima Urbanavičienė ◽

Donatas Šneideris ◽

Marija Žižytė

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus

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Effects of Wheat streak mosaic virus on Root Development and Water-Use Efficiency of Hard Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-6-0766 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 766-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. A. Price ◽

F. Workneh ◽

S. R. Evett ◽

D. C. Jones ◽

J. Arthur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Water Use ◽

Root Development ◽

Field Studies ◽

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽

Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Red Winter Wheat

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effects of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), a member of the family Potyviridae, on root development and water-use efficiency (WUE) of two hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, one susceptible and one resistant to WSMV. In the greenhouse studies, wheat cultivars were grown under three water regimes of 30, 60, and 80% soil saturation capacity. After inoculation with WSMV, plants were grown for approximately 4 weeks and then harvested. Root and shoot weights were measured to determine the effect of the disease on biomass. In all water treatments, root biomass and WUE of inoculated susceptible plants were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those of the noninoculated control plants. However, in the resistant cultivar, significance was only found in the 30 and 60% treatments for root weight and WUE, respectively. Field studies were also conducted under three water regimes based on reference evapotranspiration rates. Significant reductions in forage, grain yield, and crop WUE were observed in the inoculated susceptible plots compared with the noninoculated plots. Both studies demonstrated that wheat streak mosaic reduces WUE, which is a major concern in the Texas Panhandle because of limited availability of water.

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