Screening of Wild Potatoes Identifies New Sources of Late Blight Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-06-20-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari S. Karki ◽  
Shelly H. Jansky ◽  
Dennis A. Halterman
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Solanum Stoloniferum ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes ◽  
Excellent Source

Late blight (LB) of potato is considered one of the most devastating plant diseases in the world. Most cultivated potatoes are susceptible to this disease. However, wild relatives of potatoes are an excellent source of LB resistance. We screened 384 accessions of 72 different wild potato species available from the U.S. Potato GeneBank against the LB pathogen Phytophthora infestans in a detached leaf assay (DLA). P. infestans isolates US-23 and NL13316 were used in the DLA to screen the accessions. Although all plants in 273 accessions were susceptible, all screened plants in 39 accessions were resistant. Resistant and susceptible plants were found in 33 accessions. All tested plants showed a partial resistance phenotype in two accessions, segregation of resistant and partial resistant plants in nine accessions, segregation of partially resistant and susceptible plants in four accessions, and segregation of resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible individuals in 24 accessions. We found several species that were never before reported to be resistant to LB: Solanum albornozii, S. agrimoniifolium, S. chomatophilum, S. ehrenbergii, S. hypacrarthrum, S. iopetalum, S. palustre, S. piurae, S. morelliforme, S. neocardenasii, S. trifidum, and S. stipuloideum. These new species could provide novel sources of LB resistance. P. infestans clonal lineage-specific screening of selected species was conducted to identify the presence of RB resistance. We found LB resistant accessions in Solanum verrucosum, Solanum stoloniferum, and S. morelliforme that were susceptible to the RB overcoming isolate NL13316, indicating the presence of RB-like resistance in these species.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eny Ida Riyanti ◽  
Edy Listanto ◽  
Alberta Dinar Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Detection of Novel QTLs for Late Blight Resistance Derived from the Wild Potato Species Solanum microdontum and Solanum pampasense

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Fergus Meade ◽  
Ronald Hutten ◽  
Silke Wagener ◽  
Vanessa Prigge ◽  
Emmet Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Solanum Microdontum

Wild potato species continue to be a rich source of genes for resistance to late blight in potato breeding. Whilst many dominant resistance genes from such sources have been characterised and used in breeding, quantitative resistance also offers potential for breeding when the loci underlying the resistance can be identified and tagged using molecular markers. In this study, F1 populations were created from crosses between blight susceptible parents and lines exhibiting strong partial resistance to late blight derived from the South American wild species Solanum microdontum and Solanum pampasense. Both populations exhibited continuous variation for resistance to late blight over multiple field-testing seasons. High density genetic maps were created using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, enabling mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance that were consistently expressed over multiple years in both populations. In the population created with the S. microdontum source, QTLs for resistance consistently expressed over three years and explaining a large portion (21–47%) of the phenotypic variation were found on chromosomes 5 and 6, and a further resistance QTL on chromosome 10, apparently related to foliar development, was discovered in 2016 only. In the population created with the S. pampasense source, QTLs for resistance were found in over two years on chromosomes 11 and 12. For all loci detected consistently across years, the QTLs span known R gene clusters and so they likely represent novel late blight resistance genes. Simple genetic models following the effect of the presence or absence of SNPs associated with consistently effective loci in both populations demonstrated that marker assisted selection (MAS) strategies to introgress and pyramid these loci have potential in resistance breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Performance of Transgenic Potato Containing the Late Blight Resistance Gene RB

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Halterman ◽  
Lara Colton Kramer ◽  
Susan Wielgus ◽  
Jiming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Foliar Resistance ◽  
In The Wild

Late blight of potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. A major late blight resistance gene, called RB, previously was identified in the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum through map-based cloning. The full-length gene coding sequence, including the open reading frame and promoter, has been integrated into cultivated potato (S. tuberosum) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RB-containing transgenic plants were challenged with P. infestans under optimal late blight conditions in greenhouse experiments. All transgenic lines containing RB exhibited strong foliar resistance. Field-grown transgenic tubers also were tested for resistance to P. infestans. In contrast to the foliar resistance phenotype, RB-containing tubers did not exhibit increased resistance. Two years of field trials were used to ascertain whether the presence of RB had any effect on tuber yield. We were unable to detect any significant effect on tuber size or yield after addition of the resistance gene to several S. tuberosum cultivars.

scholarly journals The Late Blight Resistance Locus Rpi-blb3 from Solanum bulbocastanum Belongs to a Major Late Blight R Gene Cluster on Chromosome 4 of Potato

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Ho Park ◽  
Jack Gros ◽  
Anne Sikkema ◽  
Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers ◽  
Marielle Muskens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Wild Potato Species

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases in cultivated potato. Breeding of new potato cultivars with high levels of resistance to P. infestans is considered the most durable strategy for future potato cultivation. In this study, we report the identification of a new late-blight resistance (R) locus from the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum. Using several different approaches, a high-resolution genetic map of the new locus was generated, delimiting Rpi-blb3 to a 0.93 cM interval on chromosome 4. One amplification fragment length polymorphism marker was identified that cosegregated in 1,396 progeny plants of an intraspecific mapping population with Rpi-blb3. For comparative genomics purposes, markers linked to Rpi-blb3 were tested in mapping populations used to map the three other late-blight R loci Rpi-abpt, R2, and R2-like also to chromosome 4. Marker order and allelic conservation suggest that Rpi-blb3, Rpiabpt, R2, and R2-like reside in the same R gene cluster on chromosome 4 and likely belong to the same gene family. Our findings provide novel insights in the evolution of R gene clusters conferring late-blight resistance in Solanum spp.

scholarly journals Optimizing Plant Disease Management in Agricultural Ecosystems Through Rational In-Crop Diversification

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ping Wang ◽  
Zhe-Chao Pan ◽  
Li-Na Yang ◽  
Jeremy J. Burdon ◽  
Hanna Friberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Biodiversity plays multifaceted roles in societal development and ecological sustainability. In agricultural ecosystems, using biodiversity to mitigate plant diseases has received renewed attention in recent years but our knowledge of the best ways of using biodiversity to control plant diseases is still incomplete. In term of in-crop diversification, it is not clear how genetic diversity per se in host populations interacts with identifiable resistance and other functional traits of component genotypes to mitigate disease epidemics and what is the best way of structuring mixture populations. In this study, we created a series of host populations by mixing different numbers of potato varieties showing different late blight resistance levels in different proportions. The amount of naturally occurring late blight disease in the mixture populations was recorded weekly during the potato growing seasons. The percentage of disease reduction (PDR) in the mixture populations was calculated by comparing their observed late blight levels relative to that expected when they were planted in pure stands. We found that PDR in the mixtures increased as the number of varieties and the difference in host resistance (DHR) between the component varieties increased. However, the level of host resistance in the potato varieties had little impact on PDR. In mixtures involving two varieties, the optimum proportion of component varieties for the best PDR depended on their DHR, with an increasing skewness to one of the component varieties as the DHR between the component varieties increased. These results indicate that mixing crop varieties can significantly reduce disease epidemics in the field. To achieve the best disease mitigation, growers should include as many varieties as possible in mixtures or, if only two component mixtures are possible, increase DHR among the component varieties.

scholarly journals Potato Landraces and Their Wild Relatives in 3 Micro-centers of Diversity in Ecuador: Farmers' Perception and Ecogeography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Ricardo Monteros-Altamirano ◽  
A. Monteros-Altamirano ◽  
F. Yumisaca-Jiménez ◽  
R. Aucancela ◽  
J. Coronel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes ◽  
Historical Movement

Abstract Ecuador is one of the centers of diversity for wild and cultivated potatoes. Three micro-centers of diversity were previously identified based on germplasm collecting passport data of potato landraces and their wild relatives. The objective of this study was to understand the potential hybridization dynamic of the genetic diversity present in situ in these micro-centers (provinces of Carchi, Chimborazo and Loja in Ecuador) by means of: 1. Reviewing the possibility of an eventual genetic cross within intercropped potato landraces through surveys to local producers; 2. Reviewing the possibility of potato landraces crossing with their wild relatives, also according to local producers; and 3. Map the actual geographic location of recent collections of potato landrace and wild potato relatives in the study areas. Information from farmers and eco-geographic data demonstrated that there is no potential crossing between wild and cultivated potato species. Probably the existing genetic variability in Ecuador has been accumulated since the historical movement of potato landraces by American ancestors from the center of origin in Peru and Bolivia and the continuum knowledge and seed sharing besides the conscious and unconscious selection of potato landraces by local farmers for centuries. Additionally, we discuss options to conserve both cultivated and wild potato species in Ecuador due to apparent current genetic erosion processes.

Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23 in Potato Cultivars and Its Relationship with Early Blight Resistance and Tuber Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiya Xue ◽  
Kathleen G. Haynes ◽  
Xinshun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Progress Curve

Resistance to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23, in 217 old and modern potato cultivars was evaluated in field trials in 2016 and 2017 in Pennsylvania. Significant differences in resistance were found among these cultivars (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between cultivars and environments was found (P < 0.0001). The values of relative area under the disease progress curve ranged from 0 to 0.5841 in 2016 and from 0 to 0.5469 in 2017. Broad-sense heritability of late blight resistance was estimated to be 0.91 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88 to 0.93. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into 5 groups: resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Thirty cultivars showing resistance and 32 cultivars showing moderate resistance were identified. The 217 cultivars were also evaluated for foliar maturity, tuber yield and resistance to early blight, caused by Alternaria solani. A few cultivars with late blight resistance independent of late maturity were found. Late blight resistance and early blight resistance were positively correlated, and 17 cultivars possessed resistance to both diseases. Yield tradeoff associated with late blight resistance was not observed among the cultivars in the absence of disease pressure.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eny Ida Riyanti ◽  
Edy Listanto ◽  
Alberta Dinar Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Resistance to Phytophthora Infestans in Three Solanum Nigrum F3 Families

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Śliwka ◽  
Iga Tomczyńska ◽  
Marcin Chmielarz ◽  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Renata Lebecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Complex Inheritance

AbstractSolanum nigrumis a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a fewSolanaceaespecies native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host forPhytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.),S. nigrumcan suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistantS. nigrumgenotypes have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2plants and 15 F3lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3lines, originating from crosses between a susceptible and three different resistantS. nigrumaccessions followed by two self-pollinations. Parental accessions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48P. infestansisolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance toP. infestans. Laboratory detached leaf assays were performed in two dates and two replications of three leaves each. Segregation of the trait within the line allowed us to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible homozygotes was 1:2:1, indicating that a single gene is most likely underlying the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.

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