First Report of Cucurbit Aphid-borne Yellows Virus, Watermelon Mosaic Virus, and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Infecting Zucchini Plants in Libya

Luohanguo, Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey, is a perennial cucurbitaceous plant that is an economically important medicinal and sweetener crop in Guangxi province, China. Surveys conducted during the summer to fall seasons of 2003-2004 in northern Guangxi showed symptoms typical of a viral disease, including leaf mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, curling, and shoestring-like distortion in the field. Mechanical inoculation of sap from leaves of symptomatic plants collected from the surveyed areas caused similar symptoms on tissue culture-derived healthy Luohanguo plants. Two sequences of 0.7 and 1.6 kb with 88 and 97% identity to Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with purified flexuous viral particles or total RNA extracted from the symptomatic Luohanguo leaves as templates with conserved degenerate potyvirus primers (1). To confirm the results, primers specific for PRSV (PP1/PP2, genome coordinates 4064-4083/5087-5069, GenBank Accession No X97251) and ZYMV (ZP1/ZP2, genome coordinates 5540-5557/7937-7920, GenBank Accession No L31350) were used to perform RT-PCR from the same RNA templates. The expected 1.0- and 2.3-kb fragments were amplified and they were 90 and 95% identical to PRSV and ZYMV in sequence, respectively. Watermelon mosaic virus was not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of PRSV and ZYMV in Luohanguo. Reference: (1) A. Gibbs et al. J. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997.

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First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.8.906b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (8) ◽

pp. 906-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raj Verma ◽

Satya Prakash ◽

S. P. S. Tomer

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

First Report

In August of 2002, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Himangi) plants grown in commercial fields in Pune, western Maharashtra, India, exhibited chlorotic spots, veinal chlorosis, mosaic, blister formation and shoestring symptoms on leaves, stunted growth, and distortion of fruits. Incidence of virus infection in the fields varied from 25 to 38%. Crude sap extracted from infected cucumber leaf samples was inoculated mechanically onto cucumber and indicator host plants. The inoculated glasshouse-grown cucumber plants showed virus symptoms similar to those observed in the field. The virus produced chlorotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and chlorotic spots followed by veinal chlorosis, mosaic, vein banding, and leaf distortion on Citrullus lanatus, C. melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, and Trichosanthes anguina. The virus did not infect Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. tabacum cv. White Burley (1,2). Cucumber and indicator plants were tested using direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A positive reaction was obtained with monoclonal antiserum to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) but not with antisera to Papaya ringspot virus-P, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Watermelon mosaic virus (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). The disease was observed again in the field during July to September 2003. Natural infection of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) by ZYMV has been reported previously from India (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV in cucumber in India. References: (1) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 87:1399, 2003. (2) R. Provvidenti et al. Plant Dis. 68:443, 1984. (3) S. J. Singh et al. Indian Phytopathol. 56:174, 2003.

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First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Associated with Leaf Crinkle and Yellow Mosaic Diseases of Cucurbit Plants in Mali

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-7-0923b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 923-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. S. Tsai ◽

I. K. Abdourhamane ◽

D. Knierim ◽

J. T. Wang ◽

L. Kenyon

Keyword(s):

Coat Protein ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

The United States ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Nucleotide Identity ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Species ◽

First Report

The aphid-transmitted Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) has been reported to cause severe epidemics and yield losses in cucurbit crops worldwide (1). In Africa, ZYMV has been detected in Algeria, Egypt, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, and Tunisia (1). In April 2009, leaf yellowing, mosaic, crinkling, and curling were common on cucurbit plants in fields in Mali. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from five cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants in Kati, two watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants in Samanko, and one weedy melon (Cucumis sp.) plant in Baguineda. All samples tested positive for ZYMV and were negative for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. They also tested negative for Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) by indirect ELISA. Antibodies against ZYMV and WMV were obtained from DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany, and those against CGMMV, MYSV, PRSV-W, and WSMoV were provided by Shyi-Dong Yeh, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. Six ZYMV ELISA-positive samples (three cucumber, two watermelon, and the weedy melon sample) were also tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the potyvirus universal primer pair Sprimer1/Oligo(dT) (2). The expected 1.6-kb viral cDNA was amplified from all six samples and each was sequenced. All sequences obtained from cucumber (GenBank Accession Nos. HM005307, HM005308, and HM005309), watermelon (GenBank Accession Nos. HM005311 and HM005312), and weedy melon (GenBank Accession No. HM005310) isolates were 1,684 nucleotides (nt) long excluding the 3′ poly-A tails. They comprised the 3′-terminal of the NIb region (1 to 633 nt), the coat protein region (634 to 1473 nt), and the 3′-untranslated region (1,474 to 1,684 nt). Because the sequences shared high nucleotide identity (98.3 to 99.7%), these isolates were considered to be the same virus species. When the sequences were compared by BLASTn searching in GenBank and analyzed by DNAMAN Sequence Analysis Software (Lynnon Corporation, St-Louis, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada), they were found to have the greatest nucleotide identity (97.4 to 98.0%) with the Connecticut strain of ZYMV (ZYMV-Connecticut; GenBank Accession No. D00692), within a clade of isolates from China, Italy, Japan, and the United States. When assessed separately, their coat protein (97.7 to 98.3% nucleotide and 98.9 to 99.6% amino acid identity) and 3′-untranslated regions (96.7 to 97.2% identity) also had greatest homology with ZYMV-Connecticut. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV infecting cucurbit plants in Mali. ZYMV should be taken into consideration when breeding cucurbit crops for this region, and managing viral diseases. References: (1) C. Desbiez et al. Plant Pathol. 46:809, 1997. (2) W. S. Tsai et al. Plant Dis. 94:378, 2010.

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First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucurbits in Ivory Coast

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-10-0416 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (11) ◽

pp. 1378-1378 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Koné ◽

S. Aké ◽

K. Abo ◽

S. Soro ◽

C. A. N'Guessan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Ivory Coast ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

African Countries ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

First Report ◽

Phylogenetic Cluster ◽

Group A

During a field survey conducted in December 2008 and January 2009 in southern Ivory Coast, zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were observed showing severe symptoms of leaf mosaic and distortions, filiformism, and fruit deformations. Nine samples were collected from symptomatic plants in four locations (Adzopé, Songon, Ayamé, and Gagnoa) and dried over CaCl2. Double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA tests were performed directly on dried samples with antisera against nine cucurbit-infecting viruses: Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, Potyvirus); Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV, Potyvirus); Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus); Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV, Potyvirus); Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV, Ipomovirus); Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Cucumovirus); Cucurbit aphid borne yellows virus (CABYV, Polerovirus); Squash mosaic virus (SqMV, Comovirus); and Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV, Tobamovirus). ZYMV was detected alone in four of six zucchini squash samples and in mixed infection with CMV and PRSV in two of three cucumber samples. A cucumber sample (CI09-09) collected at Songon and infected by ZYMV, CMV, and PRSV was inoculated to zucchini squash. ZYMV was separated from CMV and PRSV by inoculating zucchini squash plantlets with one Myzus persicae Sulzer per plant with 2-min acquisition and 2-h inoculation access periods. Plants infected by ZYMV only developed typical symptoms of severe mosaic, distortion, and filiformism on leaves. Total RNA was extracted from the original dried sample of CI09-09 using TRI-Reagent (Molecular Research Center Inc., Cincinnati, OH) (2). One-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed with our standard protocol and specific primers (2), yielding a 605-bp fragment corresponding to part of the polymerase (NIb) and coat protein (CP) coding regions. The nucleotide sequence of the NIb-CP fragment of Ivory Coast ZYMV isolate CI09-09 (GenBank No. HM450303) shared 98.5, 92.7, 80.5, and 75.7% identity with ZYMV isolates from France (isolate E9, HM641798), Florida (D13914), Singapore (AF014811), and Vietnam (DQ925449), respectively. Sequence comparison indicated that CI09-09 belongs to the phylogenetic cluster 1 of group A of ZYMV (2). ZYMV, first described in 1981, is now one of the most damaging viruses in cucurbit crops worldwide and is characterized by an important biological and molecular diversity (1,3). ZYMV has already been reported in several African countries, mostly in the northern and southern parts of the continent (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV in Ivory Coast. Among African isolates, CI09-09 shared 97.5% identity with isolate Su06-22 from Sudan (HM641799) belonging to the phylogenetic cluster 1 of group A of ZYMV, 94 to 95% identity with isolates from neighboring Mali (HM005307–HM005312) belonging to cluster 2 of group A, and 79.6% identity with the divergent isolate R5A from Réunion Island (L29569) belonging to phylogenetic group B of ZYMV. The presence of ZYMV in four distant locations in southern Ivory Coast suggests that this virus constitutes a serious threat to cucurbit production in this country. References: (1) C. Desbiez and H. Lecoq. Plant Pathol. 46:809, 1997, (2) C. Desbiez et al. Virus Res. 85:5, 2002, (3) H. Lecoq et al. Virus Res. 141:190, 2009.

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First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus, and Cucumber mosaic virus in Bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria) in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0380a ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 380-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. Dukić ◽

B. Krstić ◽

I. Vico ◽

J. Berenji ◽

B. Duduk

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Mechanical Transmission ◽

Lagenaria Siceraria ◽

Indicator Plants ◽

First Report ◽

Das Elisa

During a cucurbit disease survey in August 2004, severe symptoms resembling those caused by viruses were observed on bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) in the Vojvodina region of Serbia. Symptoms included stunting, mosaic, green veinbanding, blistering, yellowing, chlorotic spots, leaf deformation, and fruit distortion. Leaf samples from 25 symptomatic plants were collected from two localities for virus identification using mechanical transmission and serological testing. Crude sap extract from leaf samples was mechanically inoculated onto bottlegourd and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) under greenhouse conditions. Field-collected bottlegourd and inoculated plants were tested using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA). Positive reactions were obtained on collected and inoculated plants with polyclonal antiserum (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany) to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV) in 23 samples, with antiserum to Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) in eight samples, and with antiserum to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in seven samples. Each of the three viruses was detected in single as well as in mixed infections with the other two viruses. Biological characterization of viruses detected in single infections was done on the following indicator plants: Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Citrullus lanatus, Nicotiana glutinosa, and N. tabacum cv. Samsun. The symptoms observed on indicator plants for each isolate corresponded to the results of DAS-ELISA (2,3). All three viruses are known to be important pathogens of cucurbit plants and were previously reported in pumpkin in Serbia (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV, WMV, and CMV in bottlegourd in Serbia. References: (1) N. Dukić et al. J. Agric. Sci. 47:149, 2002. (2) D. E. Lesemann et al. Phytopathol. Z. 108:304, 1983. (3) H. Rahimian and K. Izadpanah. Phytopathol. Z. 92:305, 1978.

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First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria) in India

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.4.426c ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 426-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Raj Verma ◽

Y. S. Ahlawat ◽

S. P. S. Tomer ◽

Satya Prakash ◽

R. P. Pant

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Lagenaria Siceraria ◽

First Report ◽

Benincasa Hispida

In December 2002, bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) plants grown as a commercial crop in Pune, India (western Maharashtra) showed severe mosaic, interveinal chlorosis, and leaf deformation that resulted in fern-leaf appearance and severe fruit distortion in approximately 70% of the plants. Crude sap of collected samples was used to mechanically inoculate uninfected glasshouse-grown bottlegourd plants that reproduced symptoms observed in the field. Sap extracts from these glasshouse infected bottlegourd plants were used to mechanically inoculate selected indicator hosts. Chlorotic local lesions were produced on Chenopodium amaranticolor, and systemic symptoms were produced on Benincasa hispida, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, C. pepo, Luffa cylindrical, and Trichosanthes anguina. The virus was specifically identified with serological testing using direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The virus reacted strongly to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) antiserum and did not react to Papaya ring spot virus-P (PRSV-P), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) antisera. Electron microscopic examination of leaf-dip preparation from infected plants showed flexuous filamentous particles (720 to 760 nm long) that are typical of potyviruses. Natural infection of bottlegourd by ZYMV has been reported in the Hawaiian Islands (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this potentially destructive virus in bottlegourd in India. Reference: (1) D. E. Ullman et al. Plant Dis. 75:367, 1991.

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First Report of Watermelon mosaic virus in Zucchini Squash in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-13-0834-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 573-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Trkulja ◽

J. Stojčić ◽

D. Kovačić ◽

I. Stanković ◽

A. Vučurović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

First Report ◽

Negative Controls

Aphid-borne Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean area and is one of the most prevalent cucurbit viruses in the region (4). In July 2012, approximately 20% of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants showing virus-like symptoms were observed in one field in Kukulje locality (region of Banja Luka), Bosnia and Herzegovina. Infected plants exhibited mild to severe mosaic, chlorotic mottling, and dark green vein banding, as well as puckering and leaf deformation. Symptoms mostly developed on leaves, while fruits usually only failed to develop a normal coloration. Leaves from 15 symptomatic zucchini squash plants were sampled and analyzed utilizing double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits (Bioreba, AG, Reinach, Switzerland) with commercial antisera specific for five commonly occurring cucurbit-infecting viruses: WMV, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) (1,3,4). Commercial positive and negative controls were included in each test. WMV was detected serologically in all tested zucchini squash samples, while no presence of other tested viruses were found. Crude sap extracted from leaves of a serologically positive sample (307-12) using 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) was mechanically inoculated onto five plants of C. pepo ‘Ezra F1’ and severe mosaic accompanied by bubbling and leaf malformation was observed 14 days post-inoculation. Viral identification in all naturally and mechanically infected plants was further confirmed by conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Total RNAs were extracted with the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and RT-PCR was performed using the One-Step RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen) with specific primers WMV 5′ and WMV 3′ (4), yielding a 402- to 408-bp fragment corresponding to the N-terminal part of the coat protein (CP) gene (2). Total RNAs obtained from the Serbian WMV isolate from oil pumpkin (GenBank Accession No. JF325890) and healthy zucchini squash leaves were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. A product of the correct predicted size was obtained in all naturally and mechanically infected plants as well as positive control. No amplicon was recorded in healthy control. After purification (QIAquick PCR Purification Kit, Qiagen) the amplicon obtained from one selected isolate 307-12 was sequenced directly in both direction, aligned and compared by MEGA5 software with WMV sequences available in GenBank. Sequence comparisons revealed that the zucchini squash isolate from Bosnia and Herzegovina (KF517099) showed the highest nucleotide identity of 100% with one isolate from Serbia (FJ325891) and two Slovakian WMV isolates (GQ241712 to 13), all belonging to the classical group of WMV isolates (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of WMV infecting zucchini squash in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since squash and other cucurbit species represent valuable crops in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with annual production close to US$8.5 million ( http://faostat.fao.org ) and rising rapidly, the presence of a devastating pathogen like as WMV could be a serious constraint for their production. References: (1) A. Ali et al. Plant Dis. 96:243, 2012. (2) C. Desbiez et al. Arch. Virol. 152:775, 2007. (3) S. Jossey and M. Babadoost. Plant Dis. 92:61, 2008. (4) H. Lecoq and C. Desbiez. Adv. Virus Res. 84:67, 2012.

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High Prevalence of Three Potyviruses Infecting Cucurbits in Oklahoma and Phylogenetic Analysis of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus Isolated from Pumpkins

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10010053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Vivek Khanal ◽

Harrington Wells ◽

Akhtar Ali

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Us ◽

Close Relationship ◽

The Status ◽

Low Incidence

Field information about viruses infecting crops is fundamental for understanding the severity of the effects they cause in plants. To determine the status of cucurbit viruses, surveys were conducted for three consecutive years (2016–2018) in different agricultural districts of Oklahoma. A total of 1331 leaf samples from >90 fields were randomly collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cucurbit plants across 11 counties. All samples were tested with the dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) against the antisera of 10 known viruses. Samples infected with papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and cucurbit aphid-borne-yellows virus (CABYV) were also tested by RT-PCR. Of the 10 viruses, PRSV-W was the most widespread, with an overall prevalence of 59.1%, present in all 11 counties, followed by ZYMV (27.6%), in 10 counties, and WMV (20.7%), in seven counties, while the remaining viruses were present sporadically with low incidence. Approximately 42% of the infected samples were positive, with more than one virus indicating a high proportion of mixed infections. CABYV was detected for the first time in Oklahoma, and the phylogenetic analysis of the first complete genome sequence of a CABYV isolate (BL-4) from the US showed a close relationship with Asian isolates.

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