scholarly journals Analysis of Stem Rust Resistance in Australian Barley Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Derevnina ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
R. Brueggeman ◽  
C. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
High Level

Eighty-two Australian and five exotic barley cultivars were evaluated at the seedling stage for resistance to the Australian stem rust pathotype 98-1,2,3,5,6. Although most of these cultivars exhibited mesothetic (mixed infection type) reactions that were associated with a high level of chlorosis, two (‘O'Connor’ and ‘Pacific Ranger’) were highly resistant. Marker analysis indicated that four Australian cultivars (‘Empress’, ‘Vlamingh’, Pacific Ranger, and ‘Yerong’) possess the stem rust resistance gene Rpg1. Tests conducted using North American Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes MCCJ and QCCJ supported marker results and indicated that ‘Pacific Ranger’ and ‘Vlamingh’ likely carry additional stem rust resistance genes. Based on pedigree information and results from multipathotype tests, these genes are believed to be uncharacterized and, therefore, new. The resistance in Australian barley ‘Franklin’ conferred resistance against all pathotypes tested in this study. Studies of inheritance to MCCJ revealed that it possessed an unknown seedling resistance, which was independent of and displayed additivity to Rpg1.

scholarly journals Stem Rust Resistance in A-Genome Diploid Relatives of Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Rouse ◽  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has been effectively controlled through the use of genetic resistance. P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK (Ug99) possesses virulence to many resistance genes that have been used in wheat breeding worldwide. One strategy to aid breeders in developing resistant cultivars is to utilize resistance genes transferred from wild relatives to wheat. Stem rust resistance genes have previously been introgressed from Triticum monococcum to wheat. In order to identify additional resistance genes, we screened 1,061 accessions of T. monococcum and 205 accessions of T. urartu against race TTKSK and four additional P. graminis f. sp. tritici races: TTTTF, TRTTF, QFCSC, and MCCFC. A high frequency of the accessions (78.7% of T. monococcum and 93.0% of T. urartu) were resistant to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK, with infection types ranging from 0 to 2+. Among these resistant accessions, 55 T. monococcum accessions (6.4% of the total) were also resistant to the other four races. Associations of resistance in T. monococcum germplasm to different races indicated the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple races. Comparing the observed infection type patterns to the expected patterns of known genes indicated that previously uncharacterized genes for resistance to race TTKSK exist in both T. monococcum and T. urartu.

Development and validation of molecular markers linked with stem rust resistance gene Sr13 in durum wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambasivam K. Periyannan ◽  
Zia U. Qamar ◽  
Urmil K. Bansal ◽  
Harbans S. Bariana
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Development And Validation

Stem rust resistance gene Sr13, found frequently in tetraploid wheats, was tested effective against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotype Ug99 (TTKSK) and its derivatives. It remains a candidate for developing new cultivars with diverse combinations of stem rust resistance genes. To combine Sr13 with other genes that produce a similar phenotype, linked markers would be required. We used the AFLP approach to identify markers linked closely with Sr13. The STS marker AFSr13, derived from an AFLP fragment, mapped at 3.4–6.0 cM proximal to Sr13 across three mapping populations. Marker dupw167, previously reported to be linked with Sr13, mapped 2.3–5.7 cM distal to Sr13 in four F3 populations. Marker gwm427 mapped proximal to AFSr13 in two populations, and these markers were monomorphic on one population each. The map order dupw167–Sr13–AFSr13–gwm427 was deduced from the recombination data. Markers dupw167 and AFSr13 were validated on 21 durum wheat genotypes. Combination of dupw167 and AFSr13 would facilitate marker-assisted selection of Sr13 in segregating populations. At the hexaploid level, only gwm427 showed polymorphism and differentiated the presence of Sr13 in 10 of the 15 backcross derivatives carrying Sr13 from their Sr13-lacking recurrent parents.

scholarly journals Mapping of genes for leaf and stem rust resistance in bread wheat genotype Selection 212

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar M. Limbalkar ◽  
J. B. Sharma ◽  
S. K. Jha ◽  
N. Mallick ◽  
M. Niranjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Resistance genes for leaf and stem rusts in bread wheat line Selection212 are recessive in nature. Both leaf and stem rust resistance genes, named tentatively as LrSel212 and SrSel212, have been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2B separated by genetic distance of 16.4 cM. Xwmc474 was the closest marker located between two genes, 5.6 cM proximal to LrSel212 and 10.8 cM distal to SrSel212. Leaf rust pathotype 77-5 is virulent to leaf rust resistance genes located on chromosome 2B viz., Lr13, Lr16, Lr23, Lr35 and Lr73, but avirulent to Selection212, suggesting that LrSel212 is distinct from these genes. Six stem rust resistance genes have been assigned to chromosome 2B viz., Sr19, Sr20, Sr23, Sr36, Sr39 and Sr40. Stem rust pathotype 40A used in genetic analysis was virulent to Sr19 and Sr20, but avirulent to Selection212; and the latter showed a significantly lower infection type in comparison to Sr39. Sr23 and Sr36 showed susceptibility to few other stem rust pathotypes to which Selection212 was resistant. While the response of Sr40 to Indian pathotypes of Pgt is not known, differences in the genetic distance and nature of inheritance between Selection212 and Sr40 indicate their distinct identity. However, test of allelism with Sr40 is required to confirm whether SrSel212 represents a different locus. Selection212 may be useful in broadening the genetic base of rust resistance in wheat.

A synteny map and disease resistance gene comparison between barley and the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Drader ◽  
Andris Kleinhofs
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
High Level

Grass species have coevolved with current economically important crop pathogens over millions of years. During this time, speciation of current domestic crops has occurred, resulting in related yet divergent genomes. Here, we present a synteny map between the crop species Hordeum vulgare and the recently sequenced Brachypodium distachyon genome, focusing on regions known to harbor important barley disease resistance genes. The resistance genes have orthologous genes in Brachypodium that show conservation of the form and likely the function of the genes. The level of colinearity between the genomes is highly dependent on the region of interest and, at the DNA level or protein level, the gene of interest. The stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 has an ortholog with a high level of identity at the amino acid level, while the stem rust resistance gene Rpg5 has two orthologs with a high level of identity, one corresponding to the NBS-LRR domain and the other to the serine/threonine protein kinase domain, on different contigs. Interestingly, the predicted product of the Brachypodium Rpg1 ortholog contained a WD40 domain at the C-terminal end. The stem rust resistance gene rpg4 (actin depolymerizing factor 2) also has an ortholog with a high level of identity, in which one of the three residues indicated by allele sequencing in barley cultivars to be important in disease resistance is conserved. The syntenous region of the seedling spot blotch resistance locus, Rcs5, has a high level of colinearity that may prove useful in efforts to identify and clone this gene. A synteny map and orthologous resistance gene comparisons are presented.

scholarly journals Mapping and validating stem rust resistance genes directly in self-incompatible genetic resources of winter rye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gruner ◽  
Anne-Kristin Schmitt ◽  
Kerstin Flath ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

AbstractKey messageIndividual stem rust resistance genes could be directly mapped within self-incompatible rye populations.AbstractGenetic resources of rye (Secale cerealeL.) are cross-pollinating populations that can be highly diverse and are naturally segregating. In this study, we show that this segregation could be used for mapping stem rust resistance. Populations of pre-selected donors from the Russian Federation, the USA and Austria were tested on a single-plant basis for stem rust resistance by a leaf-segment test with three rust isolates. Seventy-four plants per population were genotyped with a 10 K-SNP chip. Using cumulative logit models, significant associations between the ordinal infection score and the marker alleles could be found. Three different loci (Pgs1,Pgs2,Pgs3) in three populations were highly significant, and resistance-linked markers could be validated with field experiments of an independent seed sample from the original population and were used to fix two populations for resistance. We showed that it is possible to map monogenically inherited seedling resistance genes directly in genetic resources, thus providing a competitive alternative to linkage mapping approaches that require a tedious and time-consuming inbreeding over several generations.

Transfer of a gene for stem rust resistance from Triticum araraticum to hexaploid wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Triticum Araraticum

A partially dominant gene for seedling resistance to Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici was transferred from two accessions of Triticum araraticum (PGR 6126 and PGR 6195) to hexaploid wheat by a series of backcrosses. This gene confers an intermediate level (infection type 1+ to 2) of resistance to a large number of P. graminis isolates. Because of linkage with the genes Lr13 (1.0%), Lr23 (4.7%), Lr16 (34.4%), Sr36 (21.9%) and the Sr9 (28.0%) locus, this gene is probably on the short arm of chromosome 2B. It has been assigned the symbol Sr40. No apparent deleterious quality characteristics were associated with the transfer of Sr40. This gene is being combined with the closely linked gene Lr13. This recombinant line should be useful in wheat breeding. The concurrent attempt to transfer resistance to P. recondita from T. araraticum to hexaploid wheat was not successful.Key words: Triticum aestivum, stem rust resistance, Triticum araraticum.

scholarly journals Mapping of SrTm4, a Recessive Stem Rust Resistance Gene from Diploid Wheat Effective to Ug99

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Briggs ◽  
Shisheng Chen ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Sarah Nelson ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Diploid Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes

Race TTKSK (or Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stem rust, is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. Diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum (genome Am), has been utilized previously for the introgression of stem rust resistance genes Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. Multipathotype seedling tests of biparental populations demonstrated that T. monococcum accession PI 306540 collected in Romania contains a recessive resistance gene effective to all P. graminis f. sp. tritici races screened, including race TTKSK. We will refer to this gene as SrTm4, which is the fourth stem rust resistance gene characterized from T. monococcum. Using two mapping populations derived from crosses of PI 272557 × PI 306540 and G3116 × PI 306540, we mapped SrTm4 on chromosome arm 2AmL within a 2.1 cM interval flanked by sequence-tagged markers BQ461276 and DR732348, which corresponds to a 240-kb region in Brachypodium chromosome 5. The eight microsatellite and nine sequence-tagged markers linked to SrTm4 will facilitate the introgression and accelerate the deployment of SrTm4-mediated Ug99 resistance in wheat breeding programs.

Isolation of wheat–rye 1RS recombinants that break the linkage between the stem rust resistance gene SrR and secalin

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ratna Anugrahwati ◽  
Kenneth W. Shepherd ◽  
Dawn C. Verlin ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene

scholarly journals Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Mehran Patpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

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