scholarly journals First Report of Shallot latent virus in Garlic in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Torrico ◽  
E. E. Cafrune ◽  
V. C. Conci
Keyword(s):  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Garlic Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Garlic Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

Because of exclusively agamic propagation, garlic is commonly infected with a virus complex mainly composed of species within the genera Potyvirus, Allexivirus, and Carlavirus. This virus complex causes leaf striping that ranges from various shades of green to yellow and results in yield losses (2,4). Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus (potyviruses), Garlic virus A, Garlic virus C (allexiviruses), and Garlic common latent virus (carlavirus) have been detected in Argentina previously (1,2). Recently, Shallot latent virus (SLV; another carlavirus) was detected in 25 of 30 garlic plants (cv. Morado) growing in four different fields near Córdoba, Argentina by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using BIOREBA (Reinach, Switzerland) antibodies. To confirm the presence of the virus, DAS-ELISA-positive plants were also analyzed by one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the Access RT-PCR system (Promega, Madison, WI) with specific primers reported by Tsuneyoshi et al. (3). RNA extractions were performed from 100 mg of leaves with the Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Primers used were Car-V1 (5′-AAACCTTTTGGTTCACTTTAGG-3′); Car-V2 (5′-AGGTGCATTGTTATCATTACTGG-3′); and Car-Cp3 (5′-GCGTGCTATATTTAAGTTGCATAC-3′). Primer pairs Car-V1/Car-Cp3 and Car-V2/Car-Cp3 were used for the amplification of the coat protein (CP) gene of SLV and an isolate of SLV formerly known as Garlic latent virus, respectively. Fragments of 992 bp and 1,079 bp were amplified with these primer pairs, respectively. The RT-PCR products were cloned with the TOPO TA Cloning Kit in the 3.9-kb pCR-TOPO vector (Qiagen). The nucleotide sequences of both fragments were determined and were found to be identical (GenBank No. GU355922) showing 94.2% nt sequence identity with the CP gene of an isolate of SLV from Indonesian garlic (GenBank No. AB004686) formerly referred to as Garlic latent virus (3). Consequently, the Argentinean virus is now considered a garlic isolate of SLV. References: (1) E. Cafrune et al. Plant Dis. 90:898, 2006. (2) V. C. Conci. Virus y Fitoplasmas de Ajo. Page 267 in: 50 Temas Sobre Producción de Ajo. Vol. 3. J. L. Burba, ed. Ediciones INTA, Mendoza, Argentina. 1997. (3) T. Tsuneyoshi et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1093, 1998. (4) D. G. A. Walkey and D. N. Antill. J. Hortic. Sci. 64:53, 1989.

scholarly journals Double Infection of Onion yellow dwarf virus and Shallot latent virus in Garlic from Several Regions in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Nurenik Nurenik ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Susamto Somowiyarjo ◽  
Argawi Kandito
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Viruses have been a problem on garlic cultivations in various countries. There are several viruses reported infecting garlic. Genera Potyvirus and Carlavirus are the most common viruses found infecting garlic. Mixed infection on garlic is often designated as a “garlic viral complex”. These viruses can be transmitted through imported garlic seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct early detection of garlic seeds to prevent the epidemic of these viruses. This study aimed to detect Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) on garlic. Garlic samples were obtained from Enrekang, Magelang, Temanggung, Tawangmangu, and Yogyakarta. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and subsequently used for RT-PCR using two pairs of specific primers SLV-F/SLV-R and OYDV-F/OYDV-R. Primary pair SLV-F/SLV-R in amplicons sized 276 bp, while OYDV-F/OYDV-R in amplicons sized 112 bp. RT-PCR results showed that OYDV was found in all samples tested in this study. Meanwhile, double infections (OYDV and SLV) were found in eight out of ten samples tested. These results indicated that double infections on garlic were common in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Distribution of viruses in the shallot germplasm collection of the Czech Republic – Short Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Smékalová ◽  
Helena Stavělíková ◽  
Karel Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

The Czech collection of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) genetic resources (122 accessions) was surveyed for the presence of four different viruses, i.e. Onion yellow dwarf virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), and Shallot latent virus, by DAS-ELISA. The shallot seems to be resistant against GCLV because none of the tested plants was infested by this virus. Other three viruses were found with an incidence ranging from 53% to 93% for genotypes and 48% to 87% for plants. Most of the tested shallot genotypes were simultaneously infected with two or three viruses. These results were compared with neighbouring collection of garlic where all four viruses were found widespread with an incidence ranging from 65% to 83% for genotypes and 39% to 61% for plants.  

scholarly journals Incidence of viruses in cloves and bulbils of garlic ecotypes in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Sara Godena ◽  
Dean Ban ◽  
Gvozden Dumičić ◽  
Smiljana G. Ban
Keyword(s):  
Elisa Test ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Das Elisa

In a survey on the sanitary status of garlic collection performed in 2016 at the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč (Croatia), 24 ecotypes and cultivars were tested by DAS-ELISA test for the presence of four main garlic viruses: Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV). The least frequent virus was SLV, whereas the most frequent was LYSV. In most ecotypes the infection of cloves was lower than infection of bulbils, while for SLV we found higher infection in cloves. Total virus infection of Istrian ecotypes was lower than infection of Dalmatian ones. Total incidence of viruses in Croatian garlic material ranged from 40.6% to 100.0%, depending on ecotype. In imported cultivar ‘Rose de Lautrec’ we found no infection with SLV. A high percentage of mixed infections in garlic cloves was also found and for double infections it ranged from 69% to 88%. Infection with all tested viruses was observed in 78% cloves. The most infected combination was double infections with potyviruses LYSV+OYDV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SLV infection in garlic in Croatia.

scholarly journals Yield Loss in Garlic Caused by Leek yellow stripe virus Argentinean Isolate

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lunello ◽  
J. Di Rienzo ◽  
V. C. Conci
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leek Yellow Stripe Virus ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Garlic Virus ◽  
Plant Treatment

Garlic plants (Allium sativum) are naturally infected by a complex of viruses in the genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus, and Allexivirus. The yield of virus-free garlic plants (noninoculated control) was compared with that of plants infected with an Argentinean isolate of Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV; L treatment) and garlic plants infected with the virus complex (VC). Evaluations were conducted in the field and in anti-aphid cages during two crop cycles after planting three sizes of cloves (categories). The percent plant emergence in the noninoculated control and in the L treatments (between 80 and 100%) did not differ statistically, but the percent emergence for these two treatments was double that for the VC treatment (25 to 62%). Plant height and leaf number in the L treatment were lower than in the noninoculated control during the first evaluation (year 1), but they did not differ during the second evaluation (year 2). However, both treatments produced taller plants with more leaves than those of VC in both years. The L treatment decreased bulb weight up to 28% and perimeter up to 9% when compared with those in the noninoculated control maintained in the anti-aphid cages until the end of the experiment. However, differences between these treatments were higher in the field experiments where plants were exposed to infection by other viruses (up to 36% in bulb weight and 13% in perimeter). Bulbs of the VC-infected plant treatment were reduced up to 74% in weight and 37% in perimeter. In field evaluations, a high percentage of plants were infected with Onion yellow dwarf virus (58 to 100%), whereas fewer were infected with LYSV (15 to 68%). Garlic virus A infection was high in plants previously infected with LYSV (96 and 97%), but lower in the noninoculated control (12 and 68%). These results show the high impact of the virus complex on garlic yield and the effect of LYSV as a component of the garlic virus complex.

scholarly journals First Report of Onion yellow dwarf virus, Garlic common latent virus and Shallot latent virus on Garlic in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chodorska ◽  
E. Paduch-Cichal ◽  
E. Kalinowska ◽  
M. S. Szyndel
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Coat Protein Gene ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Garlic Common Latent Virus ◽  
Shallot Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is vegetatively propagated and can be affected by a virus complex (1) consisting of two potyviruses, Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), and two carlaviruses, Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV) (2). OYDV, GCLV, and SLV are economically important viral pathogens of bulb garlic crops in many garlic-growing areas of the world. A general mosaic and yellowing of leaves of four garlic cultivars (Blanko, Harnaś, Jarus, and Mega) was observed in 11 garlic-production fields in the Lodz, Mazowieckie, Małopolska, and Pomorskie regions of Poland in July 2012. ELISA was carried out with extracts from 29 collected garlic leaf samples to detect OYDV, GCLV, and SLV using commercial antiserum (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Results indicated that 6 samples (20.7%) were infected with OYDV, 25 samples (86.2%) were infected with GCLV, and 23 samples (79.3%) were infected with SLV. The presence of these viruses in garlic leaf samples was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using total RNA extracted using the Spectrum Plant Total RNA kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany) and primers, designed in this study, specific to the whole coat protein gene of OYDV (OYDVF 5′-TAGGGTTGGATTATGATTTCTCGA-3′ and OYDVR 5′-TAGTGGTACACCACATTTCGT-3′), GCLV (GCLVF 5′-TTATAGGGACGGCACAAAATCAATCA-3′ and GCLVR 5′-AATAGCACTCCTAGAACAACCATT-3′) and SLV (SLVF 5′-AATYATTTACAATCGTCCAGCTA-3′ and SLVR 5′-ATAATATCAATCAAATMCACACAATT-3′). Amplicons of the expected size were obtained for each virus. The amplified products were purified and sequenced in both directions. Sequence information of the CP genes of 9 OYDV, 12 GCLV, and 7 SLV isolates has been submitted to NCBI-GenBank with accession numbers KF862683 to KF862710. Sequence analysis showed that the coat protein gene of OYDV shared 86% identity with the coat protein gene of OYDV isolate MS/SW1 from Australia (GenBank Accession No. HQ258894). Comparison of the coat protein gene sequences of Polish GCLV isolates with those available in GenBank showed 85 to 91% sequence identities. Multiple sequence alignment revealed 84% nucleotide identity between the Polish isolate of SLV and an SLV isolate from Chinese garlic (AF314147) formerly referred to as Garlic latent virus (3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of OYDV, GCLV, and SLV in garlic plants in Poland. The accurate identification of viruses present in garlic plants will help to use the appropriate strategies to reduce viral incidence in garlic-growing areas. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch Virol 146:1841, 2001. (2) A. M. G. King et al. Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2011. (3) T. Tsuneyoshi et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1093, 1998.

scholarly journals Yellow streak of rakkyo(Allium chinense G.Don), a newly recognized disease caused by garlic latent virus and onion yellow dwarf virus.

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu SAKO ◽  
Wataru NAKASONE ◽  
Kiyotugu OKADA ◽  
Satoshi T. OHKI ◽  
Takeshi OSAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Garlic Latent Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Allium Chinense

scholarly journals First Report of Garlic virus X Infecting Garlic in India

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Baranwal ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
R. K. Jain ◽  
S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Blast Analysis ◽  
Garlic Virus

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important crop in several states of India. Filamentous viruses such as Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), and Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV) have been reported previously in different garlic cultivars from India (4). These viruses are transmitted from generation to generation through cloves and cause severe reduction in yield and quality. During December 2010, garlic plants were observed with mosaic leaf symptoms and stunting in an experimental field at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi. Cloves and leaves from 3-month-old symptomatic plants of five different cultivars (G-282, IC-375416, Ruag, Yamuna Safed, and ACC-40), originally from different regions of India, were collected from the field in Delhi and total RNA was extracted using an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). The presence of OYDV and GarCLV was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in all cultivars, while the presence of SLV was only confirmed in cv. G-282 by RT-PCR. Since Allexiviruses are common in garlic, their detection in cloves was confirmed by RT-PCR using primers ALLEX 1 and ALLEX 2 (2). An ~200-bp amplification product was observed in all five cultivars. To further characterize the Allexivirus in these cultivars, an amplicon of ~900 bp was amplified with Allex-CP (1) and ALLEX 2 (2) primers and cloned and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequences from five garlic cultivars showed identity with different allexiviruses, Garlic virus A (GarV-A) (74 to 83%), Garlic virus E (GarV-E) (74 to 80%), Garlic virus D (GarV-D) (76 to 79%), and Garlic virus X (GarV-X) (75 to 78%). Since species demarcation in the genus Allexivirus is based on the coat protein (CP) gene (3), another set of primers, 5′-MYT KGA GTG GCT VAC ACA YAT-3′ and 5′-ATT RAA GTC GTG RGG ATG CAT-3′ was designed. These primers were derived from conserved regions of ORF4 and ORF5 (CP) sequences of allexiviruses available in the NCBI database and used in RT-PCR to obtain the complete CP. An ~1.5-kb amplicon was obtained only in cv. G-282 that originated from the southern part of India. A similar amplicon was obtained from Chenopodium amaranticolor mechanically inoculated with leaf sap from cv. G-282. Sequences (1,422 bp) obtained from three clones each from garlic cv. G-282 and C. amaranticolor were identical and BLAST analysis of the consensus nucleotide sequence showed maximum identity of 75 to 81% with isolates of GarV-X. The 1,422 nucleotide sequence was comprised of 690 bp of ORF4 (partial) and 732 bp of the CP. The coat protein sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ822272) shared a 79.6 to 81.1% identity in nucleotide and 89.3 to 90.9% in amino acid sequence with different isolates of GarV-X (GenBank Accession Nos. AJ292229, U89243, and GQ475426). To our knowledge, this is the first report of GarV-X in a garlic cultivar from India. The characterization and identification of allexiviruses is important for production of virus-free garlic plants through tissue culture in India. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 149:435, 2004. (2) C. I. Dovas et al. J. Phytopathol.149:731, 2001. (3) C. M. Fauquet et al. Virus Taxonomy-VIIIth Report of the ICTV, Academic Press, London, 2005. (4) S. Majumder and V. K. Baranwal. Plant Dis. 93:106, 2009.

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