The Association of Begomovirus with Bitter Melon in India

Bitter melon, Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae), is a vegetable of nutritive and medicinal value that is cultivated throughout India and other tropical countries. In September 2001, a severe disease of bitter melon with virus-like symptoms was observed at Lucknow, India. Symptoms consisted of upward curling, shortening, and distortion of leaves. Diseased melon fruits were stunted and deformed. Disease incidence was as high as 100%. Whitefly (Bemicia tabaci) can transmit the associated virus from diseased bitter melon to Nicotiana tabacum cv. White burley. The development of leaf curl symptoms in N. tabacum indicated the pathogen could be a begomovirus. Total nucleic acids were extracted from diseased bitter melon leaves, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed. Three pairs of primers, AV494 and AC1048 (1), CL-CR/F2 and CL-CR/R2, CL/11F and CL10/R (2), specific to DNA-A of begomoviruses were used in PCR. Virus-specific DNA-A fragments of expected sizes were identified (≈0.5, 0.7 and 1.2 kb, respectively). The presence of a begomovirus in all PCR-amplified DNA fragments was confirmed by Southern hybridization. Cloned DNA-A fragments of Tomato leaf curl virus and Cotton leaf curl virus (both begomoviruses) cross-hybridized with the PCR products gave strong signals under high stringency conditions. These data suggest that a begomovirus is associated with this bitter melon disease. Watermelon mosaic 1 virus is the only virus previously reported to naturally infect bitter melon; however, this virus has not been identified in India. Bitter melon is also an experimental host of Ribgrass mosaic virus (genus Tobamovirus) and Trichosanthes mottle virus (genus Potyvirus). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of begomovirus infecting bitter melon. References: (1) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996. (2). X. Zhou et al. J. Gen. Virol. 79:915, 1998.

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Early Sowing Reduces Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Occurrence and Improves Cotton Productivity

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2015-0006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 71-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Ali ◽

G.S. Hussain ◽

S. Hussain ◽

A.N. Shahzad ◽

S. Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Cotton Genotypes ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

Abstract Cotton productivity is severely hampering by various diseases and insect pests especially cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) worldwide. Losses caused by CLCV are far more than any other factor affecting cotton productivity. Growing of early and resistant genotypes is of vital significance in alleviating the adversities of these pests in crop plants. The current field trial was conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI) Multan, Pakistan, to investigate the role of varying sowing dates in managing the CLCV infestation on different elite cotton genotypes. The crop was sown on five different dates i.e. D1= 15th April, D2 = 1st May, D3 = 15th May, D4 = 1st June and D5 = 15th June and three different elite cotton genotypes, i.e. V1= CIM-612, V2 = CIM-591 and V3 = CIM-573 to optimize a suitable sowing date and to screen out high productive and tolerant genotype against the CLCV. Seeds were drilled manually on finely crafted seedbed by using single row hand drill keeping seeding density of 20 kg ha-1 and inter row spacing of 75cm. CLCV severely hampered the crop performance by delayed planting of cotton from 15th April, while increased the chances of disease incidence. It is concluded that early sowing of all tested genotypes especially CIM-592 reduces the problem of CLCV and enhanced cotton productivity.

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Development of Cotton leaf curl virus resistant transgenic cotton using antisense ßC1 gene

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 358-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal ◽

Abdul Ilah ◽

Azamal Husen ◽

P.S. Bhattacharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Cotton ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

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High density cotton population in late sowing improves productivity and tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus under semi-arid subtropical conditions

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-021-00442-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Mueen Alam Khan ◽

Sami Ul-Allah

Keyword(s):

High Density ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Late Sowing ◽

Leaf Curl

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Exploration of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) resistance genes and their screening in Gossypium arboreum by targeting resistance gene analogues

AoB Plants ◽

10.1093/aobpla/ply067 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rakhshanda Mushtaq ◽

Khurram Shahzad ◽

Shahid Mansoor ◽

Zahid Hussain Shah ◽

Hameed Alsamadany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Gossypium Arboreum ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

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Widespread Occurrence of Cotton leaf curl virus on Radish in Pakistan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.809b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 809-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Mansoor ◽

S. Mukhtar ◽

M. Hussain ◽

I. Amin ◽

Y. Zafar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Full Length ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Nylon Membrane ◽

Punjab Province ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Kitchen Gardens ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

The current epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan started in 1988 with the natural host range limited to a few plant species in the family Malvaceae. However, we have observed expansion in the host range of the virus, and several non-Malvaceous plants were found to be infected with the virus. Characteristic symptoms of CLCuD such as leaf curl and enations have been observed on radish plants, primarily in kitchen gardens. However, in 1999, levels of infection of 10 to 90% were observed both in commercial fields and kitchen gardens in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Both symptomatic and nonsymptomatic samples were collected from five different locations. Total DNA was isolated, dot-blotted on nylon membrane, and a full-length clone corresponding to DNA A of cotton leaf curl virus was labeled with 32P dCTP and used as a probe for the detection of a begomovirus. Strong signals were observed in symptomatic plants while no signals were observed in nonsymptomatic plants. Infection with a begomovirus was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for DNA A (1). Primers specific for the two distinct begomoviruses associated with CLCuD were also used in PCR reactions (2), and products of the expected size were obtained from all symptomatic samples, confirming infection with begomoviruses similar to those associated with CLCuD. A full-length probe of a nanovirus-like molecule associated with cotton leaf disease (3), called DNA 1 was labeled with 32P dCTP and detected the virus only in symptomatic plants. Similarly, primers specific for DNA 1 (3) amplified a product of expected size when used in PCR. On the basis of symptomatology and the detection of specific viral components associated with the disease, we confirmed that radish plants are infected with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Since radish is a short duration crop, infection of CLCuV in radish may not serve as a direct source of infection for the next cotton crop. However, it is a potential threat to tomato crops which overlap with radish in the Punjab province. The detection of CLCuD in radish is another example of the mobilization of begomoviruses to previously unknown hosts. References: (1) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (2) S. Mansoor et al. Pak. J. Bot. 31:115, 1999. (3) Mansoor et al. Virology 259:190, 1999.

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Effects of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus on Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato Crop

Arab Journal Of Plant Protection ◽

10.22268/ajpp-039.1.079083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

Yasir Iftikhar ◽

◽

Mustansar Mubeen ◽

Ashara Sajid ◽

Mohamed Ahmad Zeshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Tomato Leaf Curl ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

Iftikhar, Y., M. Mubeen, A. Sajid, M.A. Zeshan, Q. Shakeel, A. Abbas, S. Bashir, M. Kamran and H. Anwaar. 2021. Effects of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus on Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato Crop. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 79-83. Tomato is an important vegetable crop, belongs to the family Solanaceae and is the second most consumed vegetable following potatoes. The tomato crop is grown all over the world in both summer and winter seasons, and plant viruses are a major threat to tomato production. Among these viruses, tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) causes considerable yield loss to tomato crop. This virus is transmitted by a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) vector. In this study, the effect of TLCV infection, on the following tomato growth and yield parameters, was evaluated: plant leaf number and area, plant biomass, plant height, root length, and plant stem diameter and yield. Tomato plants were transplanted in wellprepared plots with 4 replications. The control group was covered with polyethene bag to avoid whitefly infestation. Plants were scored on the 15th and 30th day after inoculation and TLCV disease severity was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the significant differences between the healthy and infected tomato plants. Moreover, growth and yield parameters were reduced with the increase in disease incidence, disease severity and whitefly infestation. Disease severity was increased with the increase in temperature during the growing season. It can be concluded from this study that TLCV significantly affects growth and yield of the tomato crop. Keywords: Tomato, Tomato leaf curl virus, TLCV, disease incidence, disease severity.

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