scholarly journals Genes for Adult-Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi A. Wamishe ◽  
Eugene A. Milus
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Host plant resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been the principal means of managing leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. The need for durable resistance has changed the focus from the use of seedling resistance to adult-plant resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis for adult-plant resistance and to determine the most effective method to identify adult-plant resistance genes Lr12, 13, and 34 among 116 contemporary soft red winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Adult-plant resistance was detected by inoculating flag leaves with a race that was virulent on seedlings. Approximately 90% of the lines expressed resistance under controlled conditions. It was postulated that the adult-plant resistance in 67 lines was due in part to either Lr12, 13, or 34; the adult-plant resistance detected in 17 lines was attributed to Lr12 based on a distinctive low infection type very similar to that on the isoline TcLr12; the adult-plant resistance in 27 lines was attributed to Lr34, as all of these lines expressed a “leaf tip necrosis” in the field (a phenotype controlled by a gene known to be tightly linked with Lr34); and the adult-plant resistance in 23 lines was attributed to Lr13 based on a high infection type at 18.1°C and low infection type at 25.5°C with one or more pathogen isolates that were virulent on Lr13 at 18.1°C and avirulent on Lr13 at 25.5°C. The adult-plant resistance detected in the remaining 40% of the lines was due to one or more unidentified genes for adult-plant resistance. In a 4-year field study at several locations, nearly 29% of the lines were resistant at all locations, no line was susceptible at all locations, and only 30% of the lines were susceptible at one or more locations. Given that many of the lines in this study were resistant to all known races of P. triticina before being released as cultivars, the high frequency of adult-plant resistance in this study demonstrates that adult-plant resistance can be incorporated even in the presence of highly effective seedling resistance.

Characterization of a major QTL for adult plant resistance to stripe rust in US soft red winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfeng Hao ◽  
Zhenbang Chen ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Dan Bland ◽  
James Buck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Major Qtl

scholarly journals Analysis of the primary sources of quantitative adult plant resistance to stripe rust in U.S. soft red winter wheat germplasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Keith Merrill ◽  
Peter Bulli ◽  
Mike Pumphrey ◽  
Richard Esten Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

scholarly journals Seedling Resistance Genes to Leaf Rust in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshi A. Wamishe ◽  
Eugene A. Milus
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Seedling and adult-plant resistance have been used to manage leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, but there is little information on resistance genes in contemporary cultivars and advanced breeding lines of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Lack of information on the genetic basis for resistance leads to uncertainty about durability of resistance and makes pyramiding resistance genes more difficult. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis for race-specific seedling resistance to leaf rust among the 116 contemporary lines from the 1998-99 Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Test and the Uniform Eastern and Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nurseries. To postulate the presence of genes for leaf rust resistance (Lr genes), seedlings of each line and 24 isolines in a Thatcher background were evaluated for infection type in growth chambers at 22/18°C (day/night) or constant 17 or 18°C using 22 races of P. triticina. A computer program was used to analyze infection type data and facilitate identification of Lr genes. Genes Lr1, 2a, 2c, 3, 3ka, 9, 10, 11, 14a, 18, 20, 23, 24, and 26 were identified among the lines tested. Genes Lr3, 10, and 11 were the most common. Genes Lr15, 28, and 30 were postulated as possibly present in some lines but were not likely to be important among the lines. Genes Lr16, 17, 21, 32, 36, 38, and 39 were not detected. Fifty-four lines had one or more unidentified Lr genes that were not included in the set of 24 isolines. Only four lines (Agripro Marion, APD94-5282, NC94-7197, and VA97W-375) were resistant to all races used in this study, and these were postulated to have the combination of Lr9, 24, and 26.

scholarly journals Genetics of Leaf Rust Resistance in the Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivars Coker 9663 and Pioneer 26R61

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of soft red winter wheat cultivars that are grown in the southern and eastern United States. The objectives of this study were to identify the leaf rust resistance genes in two soft red winter wheat cultivars, Coker 9663 and Pioneer 26R61, that have been widely grown and were initially highly resistant to leaf rust. Both cultivars were crossed with the leaf-rust-susceptible spring wheat cv. Thatcher and the F1 plants were crossed to Thatcher to obtain backcross (BC1) F2 families. In seedlings, the Thatcher/Coker 9663 BC1F2 families segregated for three independent seedling resistance genes when tested with different leaf rust isolates. The leaf rust infection types of selected BC1F3 lines, when tested with different leaf rust isolates, indicated that seedling resistance genes Lr9, Lr10, and Lr14a were present. In field plot tests, BC1F4 lines that were seedling susceptible had some adult plant resistance to leaf rust. Seedlings of the Thatcher/Pioneer 26R61 BC1F2 families segregated for two independent resistance genes. Infection types of selected BC1F3 lines indicated the presence of Lr14b and Lr26. The adult plant gene Lr13 was determined to be present in selected BC1F4 lines that were tested with different leaf rust isolates in greenhouse tests.

Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO INTERSPECIFIC SOURCES OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF COMMON WHEAT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. DYCK ◽  
O. M. LUKOW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Kernel Protein

Gene Lr29 transferred from Agropyron elongatum to chromosome 7D of wheat and gene LrVPM transferred from VPM1 both segregated as single genes for seedling resistance to leaf rust when backcrossed into common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Although the seedling resistance of the VPM lines was intermediate, their adult plant resistance was excellent. This resistance was not on chromosome 7D. The VPM lines also had seedling and adult plant resistance to stem rust. Resistant backcross lines with either Lr29 or LrVPM had higher kernel protein levels than did susceptible sister lines under both rust and rust-free conditions. Although this higher protein content was associated with weaker dough mixing properties, the remix loaf volume remained constant. Leaf rust infection had a detrimental effect on grain yield and kernel weight and on wheat quality as shown by decreased kernel protein content and farinograph absorption. Dough mixing strength was higher for the rust infected lines than the rust resistant lines.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), leaf rust resistance, protein content, breadmaking quality

The identification of QTLs for adult plant resistance to leaf scald in barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Cheong ◽  
Kevin Williams ◽  
Hugh Wallwork
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
Dh Lines

Barley leaf scald disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis, can be economically damaging, causing both yield losses and lower quality from reduced grain size. Most genetic studies of scald resistance have concentrated on seedling reactions either because of a lack of access to field screening resources or else because of the more definitive phenotype obtained at the seedling stage. However, understanding the genetics of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf scald could help to produce more durable resistance to this disease. APR to leaf scald in a Chebec/Harrington population (120 doubled haploid (DH) lines) and a Mundah/Keel population (95 DH lines) was determined at Turretfield, South Australia, in 2004. Two different conditions of scald infection were used for Chebec/Harrington, natural infection and inoculation with 2 known scald isolates, whereas Mundah/Keel was inoculated with 2 known isolates. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for scald resistance were identified using a previously published Chebec/Harrington map. Three QTLs (on chromosomes 7HS, 7HL, and 6HS) were identified using the natural infection data and one QTL on chromosome 6HL using the inoculated plant data. Two QTLs were identified on chromosome 3HL and 6HS, respectively, using a partial map of Mundah/Keel. An unmapped Schooner/O’Connor population, consisting of 116 DH lines, was also phenotyped for adult plant resistance to scald using natural infection at Turretfield in 2001. Bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify molecular markers linked to a scald resistance locus in the barley cultivar O’Connor on chromosome 6HS, at the same location as the QTLs identified from Harrington and Keel. Six of the QTLs for APR to leaf scald identified in this study were co-located with previously identified seedling resistance genes.

scholarly journals Durability of resistance to stripe rust in the wheat cultivar Claire in New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
S.F. Chng ◽  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
S.C. Shorter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Differential Cultivars

Host resistance is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f sp tritici The cultivar Claire was released in 1999 and until recently remained highly resistant to the disease in the United Kingdom While Claire was considered durably resistant to stripe rust in New Zealand it is now categorised as moderately susceptible The present study investigated whether racespecific resistance was responsible for this breakdown in resistance and whether cv Claire retains useful durable resistance A rust culture from cv Claire was compared with a pre2005 culture on a set of differential cultivars The seedling resistance in cv Claire was racespecific Greenhouse and field experiments suggest that the adult plant resistance in cv Claire has been reduced in the presence of a more virulent stripe rust population Remaining adult plant resistance is insufficient to provide adequate control of stripe rust in New Zealand wheat crops

CHROMOSOME LOCATION OF THREE GENES FOR LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN COMMON WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dyck ◽  
E. R. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Seedling Resistance

Genes Lr10 and Lr16 for seedling resistance and gene Lr12 for adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in common wheat were located on specific chromosomes by monosomic analysis using the Rescue monosomic series. Gene Lr10 is on chromosome 1A and genes Lr12 and Lr16 are on chromosome 4A. The latter two genes must be more than 50 crossover units apart since they segregated independently. These three genes were backcrossed into Thatcher from the variety Exchange. The variety Chinese Spring probably carries gene Lr12.

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