Effect of Host Resistance to Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines on Sudden Death Syndrome Disease Severity and Soybean Yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Brzostowski ◽  
W. T. Schapaugh ◽  
P. A. Rzodkiewicz ◽  
T. C. Todd ◽  
C. R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Fusarium virguliforme, the soilborne fungus that causes sudden death syndrome (SDS), and Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), are economically important pathogens that often occur concomitantly in Kansas soybean fields. To examine F. virguliforme and H. glycines interactions across multiple environments, four soybean genotypes with different levels of resistance to SDS and SCN were planted at three to four locations in northeastern Kansas in 2008 and 2009. Pathogen population densities were quantified at planting (Pi), midseason (Pm), and harvest (Pf). At harvest, SDS AUDPC, F. virguliforme root population densities, H. glycines reproductive factors (RF), and yield were determined. The performance of resistant (R) genotypes varied with environment and disease pressure, but SDS-R genotypes were associated with 36% greater yields than SDS-susceptible (S) genotypes in high SDS environments. Even moderate levels of SCN resistance reduced SDS disease severity in SDS-S genotypes. Negative correlations (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between yield and AUDPC, and yield and F. virguliforme root population densities. A regression model that combined both of these covariates explained 57% of the yield variation. Disease severity was positively correlated with H. glycines Pi, but negatively correlated with RF. The data emphasize the importance of combining SDS and SCN host resistance in fields with a history of both diseases. Accepted for publication 6 November 2013. Published 27 January 2014.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Source and Seed Treatment on Population Densities of Heterodera glycines, Sudden Death Syndrome, and Yield of Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2137-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Kiersten A. Wise ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
Adam M. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Scn Resistance ◽  
Pi 88788

A three-year study was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, and Ontario, Canada, from 2013 through 2015 to determine the effect of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars’ source of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) resistance on SCN population densities, sudden death syndrome (SDS; caused by Fusarium virguliforme), and yield of soybean. Five cultivars were evaluated with and without fluopyram seed treatment at each location. Cultivars with no SCN resistance had greater SDS severity, greater postharvest SCN egg counts (Pf), and lower yield than cultivars with plant introduction (PI) 548402 (Peking) and PI 88788-type of SCN resistance (P < 0.05). Cultivars with Peking-type resistance had lower Pf than those with PI 888788-type and no SCN resistance. In two locations with HG type 1.2-, cultivars with Peking-type resistance had greater foliar disease index (FDX) than cultivars with PI 88788-type. Fluopyram seed treatment reduced SDS and improved yield compared with a base seed treatment but did not affect SCN reproduction and Pf (P > 0.05). FDX and Pf were positively correlated in all three years (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that SDS severity may be influenced by SCN population density and HG type, which are important to consider when selecting cultivars for SCN management.

scholarly journals Contributions of Fusarium virguliforme and Heterodera glycines to the Disease Complex of Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e99529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Westphal ◽  
Chunge Li ◽  
Lijuan Xing ◽  
Alan McKay ◽  
Dean Malvick
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Disease Complex

scholarly journals Soil Suppressiveness Against the Disease Complex of the Soybean Cyst Nematode and Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 878-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Westphal ◽  
Lijuan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Field Plots

The ecology of the complex of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean was investigated under soybean monoculture in two field experiments from 2003 to 2007. Initially, susceptible soybean ‘Spencer’ was planted while inoculating Fusarium virguliforme into nonfumigated or preseason-fumigated plots (methyl bromide, MB, at 450 kg/ha), and SCN and SDS were monitored. In one field, SCN population densities declined in nonfumigated but increased in fumigated plots. After years of limited SDS in 2003 and 2004, SDS developed later in nonfumigated than fumigated plots. In 2006 in the greenhouse, nondisturbed or disturbed soil cores (10-cm diameter, 30-cm depth) from field plots received two two-level factors: (i) nonfumigated or fumigated (1,070 kg/ha MB); and (ii) noninoculated or inoculated with 9,000 second-stage juveniles of SCN. At harvest, nonfumigated cores from nonfumigated plots had fewer nematodes and less SDS regardless of disturbance or inoculation than the corresponding fumigated cores and any cores from fumigated plots. In the second field, SCN became detectable after 2003 during the monoculture in nonfumigated plots and lagged in fumigated plots; both treatments had low levels of SDS. Exploiting the suppressiveness of the first field could allow for biological control of SDS and SCN in soybean production.

scholarly journals Soybean Stem Colonization by Genotypes A and B of Cadophora gregata Increases with Increasing Population Densities of Heterodera glycines

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Tabor ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
C. R. Bronson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Brown Stem Rot ◽  
Phialophora Gregata ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Genotype A

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to investigate whether parasitism by increasing population densities of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, increases the incidence and severity of stem colonization by the aggressive genotype A and the mild genotype B of Cadophora gregata (Phialophora gregata), causal agents of brown stem rot of soybeans. Soybean genotypes with three combinations of resistance and susceptibility to H. glycines and genotype A of C. gregata were inoculated with each genotype of C. gregata alone or each genotype with two population densities of H. glycines eggs, 1,500 or 10,000 per 100 cm3 of soil. Stems of two H. glycines-susceptible soybeans were more colonized by both aggressive and mild genotypes of C. gregata in the presence of high than in the presence of low H. glycines population density.

scholarly journals Effects of Pathogen Population Levels and Crop-Derived Nutrients on Development of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Growth of Fusarium virguliforme

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen M. Freed ◽  
Crystal M. Floyd ◽  
Dean K. Malvick
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Corn Seed

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, caused by Fusarium virguliforme, is a significant disease of soybean. The suite of factors that influence disease development is incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of pathogen population levels, crop residues, seed exudates, and their interactions on development of SDS and growth of F. virguliforme. Studies were conducted in a greenhouse with cultivars susceptible and partially resistant to SDS, four pathogen population levels, and six crop residue treatments (none; ground corn seed, stalks, and roots; ground soybean stems; and sorghum seed). Root rot was assessed 15 and 50 days after inoculation (dai) and foliar disease and plant biomass were assessed 50 dai. Population level increases and crop residues had significant interacting effects on increasing foliar disease severity and root rot and on biomass reduction. Disease severity was positively correlated with population and biomass was negatively correlated. Plants grown with no crop residues exhibited low or no root rot or foliar disease 15 dai, and severity was greatest with corn and sorghum seed. In vitro studies were conducted to test the effects of exudates collected from germinating soybean and corn seed on growth of F. virguliforme and F. solani. Growth of these fungi was greater in exudates than in water. More growth occurred in exudates collected during soybean radicle emergence than those sampled at other times during germination. These studies show that pathogen population levels and crop-derived nutrients in soil interact and influence severity of SDS. Results have implications for gaging disease risk and managing SDS.

scholarly journals Reduction of Sudden Death Syndrome Foliar Symptoms and Fusarium virguliforme DNA in Roots Inoculated With Rhizophagus intraradices

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Pawlowski ◽  
Glen L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Rhizophagus Intraradices ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

There is increasing interest in incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) into agricultural production because of the benefits they provide, including protection against pathogens and pests. Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a devastating disease caused by the soilborne pathogen Fusarium virguliforme. Multiple management methods are needed to control SDS. The relationship between F. virguliforme and AMF is not well documented. The goal of this study was to determine whether soybean plants co-inoculated with F. virguliforme and the AMF species Rhizophagus intraradices showed reduced SDS foliar symptom severity and reduced relative F. virguliforme DNA quantities in soybean roots. Six soybean genotypes were inoculated with F. virguliforme alone or with R. intraradices in a greenhouse experiment. Averaged over the six soybean genotypes, area under the disease progress curve values and relative F. virguliforme DNA quantities were 45 and 28% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, in roots co-inoculated with R. intraradices compared with roots of control plants inoculated with F. virguliforme only. Weight of roots co-inoculated with R. intraradices were 58% higher (P < 0.05) compared with roots of plants not inoculated with R. intraradices. Nutrient analysis showed higher boron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur concentrations in root tissues of plants co-inoculated with R. intraradices compared with plants inoculated with F. virguliforme (P < 0.05). Overall, this study showed that R. intraradices reduced SDS severity and relative F. virguliforme DNA quantities while simultaneously increasing growth and nutrient uptake of plants. Further testing of AMF inoculants in the field will indicate whether incorporating them into soybean SDS management practices will reduce the impact of SDS on soybean production.

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