Testing Taxonomic Predictivity of Foliar and Tuber Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Wild Relatives of Potato

Potato late blight, caused by the oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease found in potato-growing regions worldwide. Long-term management strategies to control late blight include the incorporation of host resistance to predominant strains. However, due to rapid genetic changes within pathogen populations, rapid and recurring identification and integration of novel host resistance traits is necessary. Wild relatives of potato offer a rich source of desirable traits, including late blight resistance, but screening methods can be time intensive. We tested the ability of taxonomy, ploidy, crossing group, breeding system, and geography to predict the presence of foliar and tuber late blight resistance in wild Solanum spp. Significant variation for resistance to both tuber and foliar late blight was found within and among species but there was no discernable predictive power based on taxonomic series, clade, ploidy, breeding system, elevation, or geographic location. We observed a moderate but significant correlation between tuber and foliar resistance within species. Although previously uncharacterized sources of both foliar and tuber resistance were identified, our study does not support an assumption that taxonomic or geographic data can be used to predict sources of late blight resistance in wild Solanum spp.

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Virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potato in Spain

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/39/2021-pps ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 279-288

Author(s):

Jose Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta ◽

Alba Alvarez-Morezuelas ◽

Nestor Alor ◽

Leire Barandalla ◽

Enrique Ritter

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Pathogen Populations ◽

Incompatibility Reactions

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is responsible for the disease known as late blight in potato and tomato. It is the plant pathogen that has caused the greatest impact on humankind so far and, despite all the studies that have been made, it remains the most important in this crop. In Spain during the last years a greater severity of the disease has been observed in both, potato and tomato, probably due to genetic changes in pathogen populations described recently. The aim of this study was the characterization of the physiological strains of 52 isolates of P. infestans obtained in different potato-growing areas in Spain. For this purpose, inoculations on detached leaves were performed in order to determine compatibility or incompatibility reactions. A total of 17 physiological races were found. The less frequent virulence factors were Avr5 and Avr8. By studying the epidemiology of the pathogen, a specific breeding program for late blight resistance can be implemented.

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Competition between Phytophthora infestans Effectors Leads to Increased Aggressiveness on Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0010536 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. e10536 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Dennis A. Halterman ◽

Yu Chen ◽

Jiraphan Sopee ◽

Julio Berduo-Sandoval ◽

Amilcar Sánchez-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance

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Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23 in Potato Cultivars and Its Relationship with Early Blight Resistance and Tuber Yield

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-21-0594-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weiya Xue ◽

Kathleen G. Haynes ◽

Xinshun Qu

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Early Blight ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Clonal Lineage ◽

Progress Curve

Resistance to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23, in 217 old and modern potato cultivars was evaluated in field trials in 2016 and 2017 in Pennsylvania. Significant differences in resistance were found among these cultivars (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between cultivars and environments was found (P < 0.0001). The values of relative area under the disease progress curve ranged from 0 to 0.5841 in 2016 and from 0 to 0.5469 in 2017. Broad-sense heritability of late blight resistance was estimated to be 0.91 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88 to 0.93. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into 5 groups: resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Thirty cultivars showing resistance and 32 cultivars showing moderate resistance were identified. The 217 cultivars were also evaluated for foliar maturity, tuber yield and resistance to early blight, caused by Alternaria solani. A few cultivars with late blight resistance independent of late maturity were found. Late blight resistance and early blight resistance were positively correlated, and 17 cultivars possessed resistance to both diseases. Yield tradeoff associated with late blight resistance was not observed among the cultivars in the absence of disease pressure.

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Evaluation of the RPi-ber late blight resistance gene for tuber resistance in the field and laboratory

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0523.2010.01836.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 464-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hilary Mayton ◽

Gilda Rauscher ◽

Ivan Simko ◽

William E. Fry

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Tuber Resistance

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STUDIES ON FERTILITY AND LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOLANUM BULBOCASTANUM DUN. IN MEXICO

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b59-003 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

K. M. Graham ◽

J. S. Niederhauser ◽

Leopoldo Servin

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽

Mexican Isolate

Solanum balbocastanum Dun. was collected extensively throughout its range in Mexico and Guatemala. Experimental self- and cross-pollinations showed that the species is highly self-sterile and consists of cross-sterile and cross-fertile individuals. Self-sterility may be due to the presence of incompatibility factors or to triploidy. Authentic hybrids were produced between S. bulbocastanum and S. trifidum Correll, and between S. bulbocastanum and S. pinnatisectum Dun.After inoculation with race 1.2.3.4 of Phytophthora infestans three types of reaction were observed among 1148 seedlings of S. bulbocastanum: immunity with no perceptible lesions, resistance expressed by non-sporulating lesions of the hypersensitive type, and susceptibility indicated by large sporulating necrotic lesions. Seedlings resistant to an isolate of race 1.2.3.4 of Canadian origin did not always show the same level of resistance to a Mexican isolate of the same race. Varying degrees of field resistance were observed among seedling plants, while tuber-propagated plants were generally field immune. Solanum bulbocastanum is considered a mixture of resistant and susceptible genotypes.

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Reassessment of QTLs for Late Blight Resistance in the Tomato Accession L3708 Using a Restriction Site Associated DNA (RAD) Linkage Map and Highly Aggressive Isolates of Phytophthora infestans

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0096417 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e96417 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ai-Lin Chen ◽

Chu-Yin Liu ◽

Chien-Hua Chen ◽

Jaw-Fen Wang ◽

Yu-Chen Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Restriction Site ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance

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Potato Tuber Blight Resistance Phenotypes Correlate with RB Transgene Transcript Levels in an Age-Dependent Manner

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-14-0291-r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (8) ◽

pp. 1131-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Benjamin P. Millett ◽

Liangliang Gao ◽

Massimo Iorizzo ◽

Domenico Carputo ◽

James M. Bradeen

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Transcript Levels ◽

Tuber Resistance ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

Plants have evolved strategies and mechanisms to detect and respond to pathogen attack. Different organs of the same plant may be subjected to different environments (e.g., aboveground versus belowground) and pathogens with different lifestyles. Accordingly, plants commonly need to tailor defense strategies in an organ-specific manner. Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight disease, infects both aboveground foliage and belowground tubers. We examined the efficacy of transgene RB (known for conferring foliar late blight resistance) in defending against tuber late blight disease. Our results indicate that the presence of the transgene has a positive yet only marginally significant effect on tuber disease resistance on average. However, a significant association between transgene transcript levels and tuber resistance was established for specific transformed lines in an age-dependent manner, with higher transcript levels indicating enhanced tuber resistance. Thus, RB has potential to function in both foliage and tuber to impart late blight resistance. Our data suggest that organ-specific resistance might result directly from transcriptional regulation of the resistance gene itself.

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Tagging QTLs for late blight resistance and plant maturity from diploid wild relatives in a cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) background

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-007-0546-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 101-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. Śliwka ◽

H. Jakuczun ◽

R. Lebecka ◽

W. Marczewski ◽

C. Gebhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Late Blight ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Cultivated Potato ◽

Plant Maturity

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Expression of the Potato Late Blight Resistance Gene Rpi-phu1 and Phytophthora infestans Effectors in the Compatible and Incompatible Interactions in Potato

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-09-16-0328-r ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (6) ◽

pp. 740-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Emil Stefańczyk ◽

Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽

Marta Brylińska ◽

Jadwiga Śliwka

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

R Genes ◽

Transcript Accumulation ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Additional Resistance

This study describes late blight resistance of potato breeding lines resulting from crosses between cultivar ‘Sárpo Mira’ and Rpi-phu1 gene donors. The progeny is investigated for the presence of Rpi-Smira1 and Rpi-phu1 resistance (R) genes. Interestingly, in detached-leaflet tests, plants with both R genes withstood the infection of the Phytophthora infestans isolate virulent to each gene separately, due to either interaction of these genes or the presence of additional resistance loci. The interaction was studied further in three chosen breeding lines on the transcriptional level. The Rpi-phu1 expression, measured over 5 days, revealed different patterns depending on the outcome of the interaction with P. infestans: it increased in infected plants whereas it remained low and stable when infection was unsuccessful. The expression patterns of P. infestans effectors Avr-vnt1, AvrSmira1, and Avr8, recognized by the Rpi-phu1, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2 genes, respectively, were evaluated in the same experimental setup. This is the first report that the Avr-vnt1 effector expression is not switched off permanently in virulent isolates to avoid recognition by an R protein but can reappear in a postbiotrophic phase and is present constantly when infecting plants without the corresponding R gene. Both a plant and a pathogen can react to the other interacting side by changing the transcript accumulation of R genes or effectors.

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