scholarly journals A Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method to Specifically Detect Alternaria alternata Apple Pathotype (A. mali), the Causal Agent of Alternaria Blotch of Apple

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Johnson ◽  
L. Johnson ◽  
K. Kohmoto ◽  
H. Otani ◽  
C. R. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Alternaria Blotch ◽  
High Level ◽  
Host Specific Toxins

Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (previously A. mali) causes Alternaria blotch on susceptible apple cultivars through the production of a host-specific toxin, AM-toxin. Identification of some Alternaria species, especially those that produce host-specific toxins, has been extremely difficult due to a high level of variability which extends even to nonpathogenic isolates. We have recently cloned and characterized a gene (AMT) that plays a crucial role in AM-toxin biosynthesis and demonstrated that it is only present in isolates of A. alternata apple pathotype. Using primers designed for the AMT gene, we developed a polymerase chainreaction-based method to specifically detect AM-toxin producing isolates of A. alternata apple pathotype.

Identification of S-allele genotypes of Korean apple cultivars by using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Heo ◽  
Sang Eun Han ◽  
Soon Il Kwon ◽  
Ji Hae Jun ◽  
Mok Jong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
S Allele

Subtyping of High-Level Plasmid-Mediated Tetracycline Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolated in Scotland between 1992 and 1998

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Beattie ◽  
A Moyes ◽  
C Patrizio ◽  
H Young
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Cytoplasmic Protein ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Tetracycline resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG) contain a 25.2 MDa TetM plasmid encoding a 68KDa cytoplasmic protein which confers high-level tetracycline resistance. The aim of this study was to subtype all TRNG isolated in Scotland between 1992 and 1998. Subtyping was performed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which characterizes the TetM plasmid as either the Dutch variant (443 base pair product) or the American variant (777 base pair product). Of the 78 TRNG isolates, 35 were the American variant and 43 were the Dutch variant. TRNG were distributed amongst 30 serovar/auxotype classes, the most common being 1A6/NR (11.5%), 1A6/P (14.1%) and 1B4/NR (14.1%). The country where infection was acquired was known for 36 of the 46 TRNG strains isolated between 1996 and 1998. All infections acquired in Asia and South America were the Dutch variant whereas all infections acquired in Africa were the American variant. A penicillinase plasmid was present in 66% (23/35) of the American variant TRNG compared with 51% (22/43) of the Dutch variant: the 3.2 MDa penicillinase plasmid was found in 87% of the American variant TRNG whereas the 4.4 MDa penicillinase plasmid was found in 68% of the Dutch variant TRNG. We conclude that subtyping of TRNG by PCR is a useful tool in studying the epidemiology of gonococcal infection due to plasmid-mediated resistant isolates.

scholarly journals Diversity of Biscogniauxia mediterranea within Single Stromata on Cork Oak

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Henriques ◽  
Filomena Nóbrega ◽  
Edmundo Sousa ◽  
Arlindo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Charcoal canker, caused by the fungus Biscogniauxia mediterranea, is one of the most frequent diseases of cork oak in Portugal. The pathogen has been considered a secondary invader that attacks only stressed hosts; however, in recent years, an increasing number of young trees exhibiting the disease symptoms have been recorded. A collection of monoascosporic cultures isolated from single stromata of B. mediterranea in cork oak from different locations was analyzed by means of microsatellite—Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction—using three microsatellite primers, in order to detect the genetic variation of the population thus discussing its plasticity and ability to adapt to different conditions. The results showed a high level of genetic variability among isolates obtained from the same stroma, being impossible to distinguish isolates from individual stromata neither from different geographical location.

Enhancement in the efficiency of polymerase chain reaction by TiO2nanoparticles: crucial role of enhanced thermal conductivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (25) ◽  
pp. 255704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Khaliq R ◽  
Parshuram J Sonawane ◽  
Binu K Sasi ◽  
Bhavani S Sahu ◽  
T Pradeep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

Metronidazole resistance in Trichomonas vaginalis from highland women in Papua New Guinea

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Upcroft ◽  
Linda A. Dunn ◽  
Tilda Wal ◽  
Sepehr Tabrizi ◽  
Maria G. Delgadillo-Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

Background: The prevalence of the sexually transmissible protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has been reported to be as high as 46% and although not previously studied in Papua New Guinea, clinical resistance against metronidazole (Mz), the drug most commonly used to treat trichomoniasis, is well documented worldwide. This study was primarily aimed at assessing resistance to Mz in T. vaginalis strains from the Goroka region. Methods: Consenting patients presenting at the Goroka Base Hospital Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Clinic and local women were asked to provide two vaginal swabs: one for culturing of the parasite; and one for polymerase chain reaction detection of T. vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. T. vaginalis isolates were assayed for Mz susceptibility and a selection was genotyped. Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was determined to be 32.9% by culture and polymerase chain reaction of swabs among 82 local women and patients from the STD clinic. An unexpectedly high level of in vitro Mz resistance was determined with 17.4% of isolates displaying unexpectedly high resistance to Mz. The ability to identify isolates of T. vaginalis by genotyping was confirmed and the results revealed a more homogeneous T. vaginalis population in Papua New Guinea compared with isolates from elsewhere. Conclusion: T. vaginalis is highly prevalent in the Goroka region and in vitro Mz resistance data suggest that clinical resistance may become an issue.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PROTOZOAL INFESTATIONS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION EXACERBATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH GENITOURINARY PATHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Fedorych ◽  
Gennadiy Mavrov
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genitourinary System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

The aim: to study the prevalence of protozoal infestations in cases of acute inflammatory exacerbations in genitourinary clinic. Materials and methods. The method of polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 158 subjects with chronic inflammation of the genitourinary system exacerbations. Results. Infestation of the genitourinary system was identified in 72 patients (45.6 %). Trichomonas infestation was identified in 63 (87.5 %) of them. Trichomonas vaginalis was identified in 1 (1.4 %) subject. Other Trichomonas species – in 62 (86.1 %) subjects. 12 (16.7 %) had Trichomonas tenax, and 50 (69.4 %) – Pentatrichomonas hominis. Giardia lamblia was identified in 9 patients – i.e. in 12.5 % individuals with infestation of the genitourinary system, or in 5.7 % among subjects examined for STIs in this study. Conclusions: High level of Trichomonas infestation of the genitourinary system was identified in subjects with of chronic inflammatory exacerbations of the genitourinary system. In most cases, infestations were caused by Trichomonas species other than Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as by Giardia lamblia. An assumption about a certain role of these pathogens in the onset or further course of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system was made.

Polymerase chain reaction diagnosis in fungal keratitis caused by Alternaria alternata

2002 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Ferrer ◽  
Gonzalo Muñoz ◽  
Jorge L Alió ◽  
José L Abad ◽  
Francisca Colomm
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals The occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus and Apple stem grooving virus within field-grown apple cultivars evaluated by RT-PCR

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Stem Grooving Virus ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apple Stem Pitting Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting

The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was successfully used to determine the occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) in field-grown apple cultivars. Both viruses were detected frequently in all 16 tested apple cultivars. As many as 27.86% ASPV-infected and 44% ASGV-infected trees were recorded among a total of 420 tested trees from 15 different orchards. Mixed infection with ASGV and ASPV was recorded in 16.7% of the trees.  

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document