scholarly journals Angiotensin‐II type 2 receptor activation modulates renal neprilysin and coronavirus receptor angiotensin converting enzyme‐2 expression and activity in obese rats fed high salt diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanket Patel ◽  
Tahir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Expression And Activity

P0527HYPERGLYCEMIA-ASSOCIATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY INCREASES THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TOWARDS NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION: ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 2 RECEPTOR AND ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Abstract Background and Aims In clinical settings, diabetics remain on higher risk of ischemic renal injury (IRI) than nondiabetic patients. In addition, IRI predisposes distant organs to dysfunction such as neurological impairments via activation of the pressor arm of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In contrast, the role of depressor arm of RAS on IRI-associated neurological sequalae remains elusive. Hence, this study explored the role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in IRI-associated neurological dysfunctions under nondiabetic (ND) and diabetes mellitus (DM) condition. Method Type 1 diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.). ND and DM rats with bilateral IRI were treated with AT2R agonist-Compound 21 (C21) (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or ACE2 activator-Diminazene Aceturate (Dize), (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) per se or in combination therapy. Behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological analysis were done to assess IRI-induced neurological impairment. Moreover, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and qRT-PCR experiments were conducted for molecular mechanism analysis. Result In ND and DM rats, IRI caused hippocampal complications as evidenced by increased MDA and nitrite levels, augmented inflammatory cytokines (granulocyte colony stimulating factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein), altered protein and mRNA expressions of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), AT1R, AT2R and MasR. In contrast, concomitant therapy of C21 and Dize effectively normalised aforementioned hippocampal alterations. The protective effect of combination therapy was exerted due to augmented protein and mRNA levels of depressor arm components. Conclusion The current study demonstrated the protective role of AT2R agonist and ACE2 activator in IRI-associated neurological dysfunction through preventing oxidative stress, inflammation and upregulating brain depressor arm of RAS under ND and DM conditions.

scholarly journals Pathological Role of Angiotensin II in Severe COVID-19

TH Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. e138-e144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Miesbach
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe activated renin–angiotensin system induces a prothrombotic state resulting from the imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Angiotensin II is the central effector molecule of the activated renin–angiotensin system and is degraded by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to angiotensin (1–7). The novel coronavirus infection (classified as COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death in a proportion of patients, mostly elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to enter the target cells, resulting in activation of the renin–angiotensin system. After downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II is increasingly produced and its counterregulating molecules angiotensin (1–7) reduced. Angiotensin II increases thrombin formation and impairs fibrinolysis. Elevated levels were strongly associated with viral load and lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the complex clinical picture of patients with severe complications of COVID-19 is triggered by the various effects of highly expressed angiotensin II on vasculopathy, coagulopathy, and inflammation. Future treatment options should focus on blocking the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of angiotensin II in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals METFORMIN USE IN DIABETES PRIOR TO HOSPITALIZATION: EFFECTS ON MORTALITY IN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1166-1172
Author(s):  
Jinghong Li ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Willis X. Li ◽  
Karen C. McCowen ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Objective: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the effect of pharmacologic agents used to treat T2DM, such as metformin, on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. Metformin increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, a known receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data from people with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 were used to test the hypothesis that metformin use is associated with improved survival in this population. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed on de-identified clinical data from a major hospital in Wuhan, China, that included patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 during the recent epidemic. One hundred and thirty-one patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and T2DM were used in this study. The primary outcome was mortality. Demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, diabetes medications, and respiratory therapy data were also included in the analysis. Results: Of these 131 patients, 37 used metformin with or without other antidiabetes medications. Among the 37 metformin-taking patients, 35 (94.6%) survived and 2 (5.4%) did not survive. The mortality rates in the metformin-taking group versus the non-metformin group were 5.4% (2/37) versus 22.3% (21/94). Using multivariate analysis, metformin was found to be an independent predictor of survival in this cohort ( P = .02). Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between metformin use and survival in people with T2DM diagnosed with COVID-19. These clinical data are consistent with potential benefits of the use of metformin for COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Abbreviations: ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AMPK = AMP-activated protein kinase; BMI = body mass index; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; SARSCoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals Targeting the Degradation of Angiotensin II With Recombinant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

Hypertension ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wysocki ◽  
Minghao Ye ◽  
Eva Rodriguez ◽  
Francisco R. González-Pacheco ◽  
Clara Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2
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