scholarly journals Protein requirements in healthy school‐age children determined by using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Mohammad A Humayun ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
Paul B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Requirements

scholarly journals Tryptophan Requirement in School-Age Children Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method is Similar to Current Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Al-mokbel ◽  
Glenda Courtney-Martin ◽  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
Paul B Pencharz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background The requirement for dietary tryptophan in school-age children has never been empirically derived. Objective The objective of our study was to determine the tryptophan requirement of school-age children using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. Methods Volunteer healthy school-age children, between 8 and 12 y, were enrolled and the oxidation of l-[13C]-phenylalanine to 13CO2 measured in response to graded intakes of dietary tryptophan. Seven children (3 boys, 4 girls) participated in the study and received randomly assigned tryptophan intakes ranging from 0.5 to 9.75 mg.kg-1.d-1 for a total of 36 studies. The diets provided energy at 1.5 times each subject's resting energy expenditure and were isocaloric. Protein was provided as an amino acid mixture on the basis of the egg protein pattern, and phenylalanine and tyrosine were maintained constant across the protein intake concentrations at 25 and 40 mg.kg−1.d−1. All subjects were adapted for 2 d before the study day to a protein intake of 1.5 g.kg−1.d−1. The mean tryptophan requirement was determined by applying a mixed-effect change-point regression analysis to F13CO2 (label tracer oxidation in 13CO2 breath) which identified a breakpoint in the F13CO2 in response to graded amounts of tryptophan. Results The mean [estimated average requirement (EAR)] and upper 95% CI, (approximating the RDA) of tryptophan requirements were estimated to be 4.7 and 6.1 mg.kg−1.d−1, respectively. Conclusion Our results are similar to the current recommended EAR and RDA of 5 and 6 mg.kg−1.d−1 for healthy growing children based on the factorial calculation. Clinical Trials Registration No. NCT02018588.

scholarly journals Total sulfur amino acid requirement of healthy school-age children as determined by indicator amino acid oxidation technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M Turner ◽  
Mohammad A Humayun ◽  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Mahroukh Rafii ◽  
Veronika Langos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation

scholarly journals Lysine requirement of healthy school-age children determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation method

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajavel Elango ◽  
Mohammad A Humayun ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
Paul B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation

scholarly journals Protein Requirements of Elderly Chinese Adults Are Higher than Current Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Fengge Chen ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Ping Bai ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Elderly Chinese

ABSTRACT Background Due to a lack of research data on the protein requirements of the elderly in China, the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of protein in the elderly remain the same as those in young and middle-aged people at 0.98 g/(kg·d). Objective The objective of this study was to determine the protein requirements of healthy Chinese adults >65y old through use of the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Methods Seven healthy adult men and 7 healthy adult women participated in the study, with protein intakes ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 g/(kg·d). The diets were isocaloric and provided energy at a 1.5 resting energy expenditure. Protein was given based on the lactalbumin. Phenylalanine and tyrosine were added to protein doses of 0.3–1.5 g/kg according to the highest dose of protein content [1.8 g/(kg·d)]. Phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations were kept constant at each protein dose. The mean protein requirement was determined by applying a nonlinear mixed-effects model analysis to the F13CO2, which identified a breakpoint in F13CO2 in response to graded amounts of protein. This trial was registered with the Chinese clinical trial registry as ChiCTR-BOC-17010930. Results Protein EAR and RNI for healthy elderly Chinese adults were determined to be 0.91 and 1.17 g/(kg·d), respectively, based on the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. Conclusions The estimates of protein requirements for Chinese adults >65 y in the present study are 3.4% and 19.4% higher than the current estimated requirements, 0.88 g/(kg·d) for EAR and 0.98 g/(kg·d) for RNI.

scholarly journals Indicator amino acid oxidation protein requirement estimate in endurance-trained men 24 h postexercise exceeds both the EAR and current athlete guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. E741-E748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Bandegan ◽  
Glenda Courtney-Martin ◽  
Mahroukh Rafii ◽  
Paul B. Pencharz ◽  
Peter W. R. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Requirements

Despite studies indicating increased protein requirements in strength-trained or endurance-trained (ET) individuals, the Institute of Medicine has concluded that “no additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise,” and the controversy regarding exercise effects on protein requirements continues. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary protein requirement of healthy young ET men (≥1 yr training experience) 24 h post exercise (to minimize any acute effects of the previous training session) by measuring the oxidation of ingested l-[1-13C]phenylalanine to 13CO2 in response to graded intakes of protein (indicator amino acid oxidation technique). Eight men [maximal oxygen consumption 64.1 ml·kg−1·min−1 (SD 3.7)] were each studied 24 h postexercise repeatedly with protein intakes ranging from 0.3 to 3.5 g·kg−1·day−1. Protein was fed as an amino acid mixture based on the protein pattern in egg, except for phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were maintained at constant amounts across all protein intakes. For 2 days before the study day, all participants consumed 1.6 g protein·kg−1·day−1. The estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein was determined by applying a nonlinear mixed-effects change-point regression analysis to F13CO2 (label tracer oxidation in 13CO2 breath), which identified a breakpoint in the F13CO2 in response to the graded amounts of protein. The EAR for protein and the upper 95% confidence interval were 2.1 and 2.6 g·kg−1·day−1, respectively. These data suggest that the protein EAR for ET men 24 h postexercise exceeds the Institute of Medicine EAR and established athlete guidelines by ~3.5- and 1.3-fold, respectively.

Protein and Amino Acid Requirements of Adults: Current Controversies

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. S130-S140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Joe Millward
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Reported Data

Protein intakes vary widely but costs and benefits of such variation is a long standing unresolved issue. The wide range of reported values for the minimum protein intakefor N equilibrium in adults, i.e. 0.39 to 1. 09 g/kg is best explained by an Adaptive Metabolic Demands model in which metabolic demands include amino acid oxidation at a rate varying with habitual protein intake and which changes slowly with dietary change. Thus within the reported data the true minimum requirement intake, the lowest values in the range at intakes approaching the Obligatory Nitrogen Loss, allows onlyfully adaptedsubjects to achieve N equilibrium. The higher values reflect incomplete adaptation. 13C-1 leucine tracer balance studies of this model show (a) a fall with age in apparent protein requirements, (b) better than predicted efficiency of wheat protein utilization, and (c) controversially, lower lysine requirements than other workers, consistent with new evidence ofde novo synthesis of lysine from urea salvaged by large bowel microflora. The main implication of the requirements model for athletes on high protein diets is increased exercise induced amino acid oxidation and risk of loss ofbody N when such high intakes are not maintained.

scholarly journals Lysine Bioavailability in School-Age Children Consuming Rice Is Reduced by Starch Retrogradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3208-3215
Author(s):  
Katia Caballero ◽  
Ronit Mandal ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽  
David D Kitts ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Starch Retrogradation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Rice is one of the most commonly consumed cereal grains and is part of staple diets in the majority of the world. However, it is regarded as an incomplete protein, with lysine being a limiting amino acid. Objectives Our objectives were to determine the bioavailability of lysine in school-age children consuming cooked white rice and to assess the effect of rice starch retrogradation. Methods Bioavailability or metabolic availability (MA) of lysine was determined using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method in a repeated-measures design. Six healthy school-age children (3 boys, 3 girls) with a mean ± SD age of 6.8 ± 0.98 y randomly received 4 crystalline l-lysine intakes (2, 6, 10, 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1), and 5 rice intakes to provide lysine at 8, 11, or 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1. The 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1 intakes were measured twice as warm rice and once as cold rice (to assess the impact of starch retrogradation on MA). Diets provided protein at 1.5 g · kg−1 · d−1 and calories at 1.7 times the participant's measured resting energy requirement, and were isonitrogenous. Breath samples were collected at baseline and during an isotopic steady state for 13C enrichment measurement. The MA of lysine from rice was determined by comparing the IAAO response of rice with l-lysine using the slope-ratio and single intake methods. Starch retrogradation was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. Results MA of lysine in warm rice measured in school-age children was 97.5% and was similar to a repeated rice study (97.1%) within the same study population. MA of lysine was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) to 86.1% when the cooked rice was consumed cold, which corresponded to detectable starch retrogradation. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure the MA of lysine from rice in school-age children. Although the bioavailability of lysine from rice is high, it can be reduced by retrogradation of its starch component. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04135040.

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