Studies in the Common Cold. II. A Study of Certain Gram-negative Filter-passing Anaërobes of the Upper Respiratory Tract

1. A study of the Gram-negative, filter-passing, anaerobic organisms, described by Olitsky and Gates, and Gates and McCartney, has been undertaken with a view to determining their general character and their possible rôle in the causation of the common cold. 2. These organisms seem to constitute part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract and would seem to bear no etiological relationship to the common cold.

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Animal Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2 in Animals, What Do We Actually Know?

Life ◽

10.3390/life11020123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Paolo Bonilauri ◽

Gianluca Rugna

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Cold ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a well-known group of viruses in veterinary medicine. We currently know four genera of Coronavirus, alfa, beta, gamma, and delta. Wild, farmed, and pet animals are infected with CoVs belonging to all four genera. Seven human respiratory coronaviruses have still been identified, four of which cause upper-respiratory-tract diseases, specifically, the common cold, and the last three that have emerged cause severe acute respiratory syndromes, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. In this review we briefly describe animal coronaviruses and what we actually know about SARS-CoV-2 infection in farm and domestic animals.

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Respiratory viruses

Revision Notes for MCEM Part A ◽

10.1093/med/9780199583836.003.0027 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 208-211

Author(s):

Dr Mark Harrison

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Cold ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Tract Infections

15.1 Rhinovirus, 209 15.2 Influenza, 210 15.3 Parainfluenza, 211 15.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 211 • There are more than 100 different serotypes of rhinovirus. • Rhinovirus is chiefly limited to upper respiratory tract infections and is the major cause of the common cold....

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THE PROTECTION AFFORDED BY VACCINATION AGAINST SECONDARY INVADERS DURING COLDS IN INFANCY

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.60.5.655 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 655-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yale Kneeland

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Common Cold ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Intensive Course

All intensive course of vaccination with the pathogenic bacteria of the upper respiratory tract modified favorably the winter outbreak of severe respiratory disease in an infant population. The incidence of the common cold was not affected. The significance of these findings is discussed.

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STUDIES ON THE COMMON COLD

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.51.4.617 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yale Kneeland

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Cold ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory

1. The upper respiratory tract is sterile at birth. 2. In the first 2 weeks of life the infant acquires a basal flora comparable to that of adults except that the potential pathogens are absent. 3. During the ensuing months the potential pathogens may appear without giving rise to symptoms and by 8 months the infant's flora is entirely comparable to the adult's. 4. There is no evidence of a specific bacterial incitant for the first colds of infancy. 5. In infants with recurrent colds, secondary infection of the nose with pneumococci or B. pfeifferi probably plays a part.

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Animal Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2 in animals, what do we actually know?

10.20944/preprints202101.0002.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paolo Bonilauri ◽

Gianluca Rugna

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Cold ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a well-known group of viruses in veterinary medicine. We currently know four genera of Coronavirus, alfa, beta, gamma and delta. Wild, farmed and pet animals are infected with CoVs belonging to all four genera. Seven human respiratory coronaviruses have still been identified, four of which cause upper respiratory tract diseases, specifically, the common cold, and the last three that have emerged cause severe acute respiratory syndromes, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In this review we briefly describe animal coronaviruses and what we actually know about SARS-CoV-2 infection in farm and domestic animals.

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Rhinoscleroma

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/arpa.2018-0073-ra ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 142 (12) ◽

pp. 1533-1536 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brandon Umphress ◽

Kirtee Raparia

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Surgical Debridement ◽

Data Sources ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Site ◽

Recurrence Rates ◽

Gram Negative ◽

The Past ◽

The Common ◽

Upper Respiratory

Context.— Rhinoscleroma is a rare, chronic, infectious granulomatous process involving the upper respiratory tract caused by gram-negative bacilli, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. The site most commonly affected is the nasopharynx; however, lesions in various other locations have been described. Objective.— To review the literature for all the reported cases of rhinoscleroma in the past 5 years. Data Sources.— Published cases of rhinoscleroma from a PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) search were reviewed. Conclusions.— Rhinoscleroma in nonendemic regions is extremely rare; however, with increased travel, immigration, and globalization, it is imperative to recognize this entity because the symptoms can be devastating and in some cases fatal. Although nasopharynx is the common site of involvement, unusual sites such as the trachea can be involved in rare cases. Rhinoscleroma can be managed effectively with a combination of antibiotics and surgical debridement and repair; however, recurrence rates do remain high.

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Iota-Carrageenan as an Antiviral Treatment for the Common Cold

The Open Virology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874357902014010009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald Eccles

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Common Cold ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Common Disease ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Good Tolerability ◽

The Common ◽

Positively Charged

Introduction: The common cold syndrome of acute upper respiratory tract viral infection is the most common disease among mankind and is an extremely common illness in children. There is a great need for a safe and effective antiviral treatment with minimal side effects. The challenge in developing a treatment is the numerous and varied respiratory viruses that cause this common illness and the need for a treatment with good tolerability and safety. Explanation: All respiratory viruses must reach the cell surface by passing through respiratory fluid and mucus, and this common feature may allow for the development of antivirals that capture viruses during this transit. This article discusses how large polyanionic molecules such as iota-carrageenan may trap positively charged respiratory viruses. Iota-carrageenan is a large polysaccharide molecule which is neither absorbed from the respiratory tract nor metabolised. It, therefore, does not have any pharmacological properties. Iota-carrageenan nasal spray has been shown to reduce the titres of respiratory viruses and to reduce the severity of symptoms in placebo-controlled clinical trials, including children and adults. The results of four clinical trials are presented. Conclusion: Iota-carrageenan is a good candidate as a safe and effective non-specific antiviral treatment for common cold, and more research is justified on polyanionic molecules like carrageenans as antivirals.

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