Effects of neurotrophic factors on motoneuron survival following axonal injury in newborn rats

Neuroreport ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuju Yuan ◽  
Wutian Wu ◽  
Kwok-Fai So ◽  
Annie L. M. Cheung ◽  
David M. Prevette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Motoneuron Survival

Inflammatory Response Associated with Axonal Injury to Spinal Motoneurons in Newborn Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuju Yuan ◽  
Yuanyun Xie ◽  
Kwok-Fai So ◽  
Wutian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Spinal Motoneurons

scholarly journals Neurotrophic Factors Improve Motoneuron Survival and Function of Muscle Reinnervated by Embryonic Neurons

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Grumbles ◽  
Sanjay Sesodia ◽  
Patrick M. Wood ◽  
Christine K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Motoneuron Survival ◽  
And Function ◽  
Embryonic Neurons

scholarly journals c-Jun in Schwann cells promotes axonal regeneration and motoneuron survival via paracrine signaling

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Fontana ◽  
Mariya Hristova ◽  
Clive Da Costa ◽  
Smriti Patodia ◽  
Laura Thei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Motoneuron Survival ◽  
Factor C

The AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun is a master regulator of the axonal response in neurons. c-Jun also functions as a negative regulator of myelination in Schwann cells (SCs) and is strongly reactivated in SCs upon axonal injury. We demonstrate here that, after injury, the absence of c-Jun specifically in SCs caused impaired axonal regeneration and severely increased neuronal cell death. c-Jun deficiency resulted in decreased expression of several neurotrophic factors, and GDNF and Artemin, both of which encode ligands for the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase, were identified as novel direct c-Jun target genes. Genetic inactivation of Ret specifically in neurons resulted in regeneration defects without affecting motoneuron survival and, conversely, administration of recombinant GDNF and Artemin protein substantially ameliorated impaired regeneration caused by c-Jun deficiency. These results reveal an unexpected function for c-Jun in SCs in response to axonal injury, and identify paracrine Ret signaling as an important mediator of c-Jun function in SCs during regeneration.

scholarly journals Expression of neurotrophic factors by Schwann Cells promotes regeneration of central nervous system

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Fausto P. Guzen ◽  
Priscila F. Brito Guzen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Autocrine Stimulation

Schwann cells (SCs) are glial cells originally found in the peripheral nervous system. These cells express many neurotrophic factors, which have many implications on neuronal survival and regeneration, and present receptors to some of these factors suggesting autocrine stimulation to SCs survival, proliferation, differentiation and development. Some of these factors are expressed naturally while others need a traumatic situation and/or axonal contact. The secretion of factors has an important function as mediator of neuron-glial signaling. Many expressions of factors are suppressed in SCs of intact nerves but axonal injury promotes increasing of their synthesis and, yet, production of these factors is suppressed during nerve regeneration. The purpose of this article is to review key studies showing that intracerebral SC grafts limit injury-induced tissue loss and promote axonal regeneration and myelination and that this response can be improved by adding neurotrophic factors. Finally, this review will reflect on the prospect of SCs for repairing the nervous system.

Application of stereological analysis of cell volume to isolated myocytes in culture with and without adrenergic innervation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Jane K. Rosenthal ◽  
Dianne L. Atkins ◽  
William J. Marvin ◽  
Penny A. Krumm
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Primary Culture Cell ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Cell Volumes

To comprehend structural changes in cardiac myocytes accompanying adrenergic innervation, it is essential that a three dimensional analysis be performed. To date, biological studies which utilize stereological methods have been limited to cells in tissue and in organs. Our laboratory has utilized current stereological techniques for measuring absolute volumes of individual myocytes in primary culture. Cell volumes are calculated for two distinct groups of cells at 96 hours in culture: isolated myocytes and myocytes innervated with adrenergic neurons (Figure 1).Cardiac myocytes are cultured from the ventricular apices of newborn rats. Cells are plated directly onto tissue culture dishes with or without preplated explants from the paravertebral thoracolumbar sympathetic chain. On day four cultures are photographed and marked for one-to-one cell location. Following conventional fixation and embeddment in eponate-12, the cells are relocated and mounted for microtomy. The cells are completely sectioned at 120nm in their parallel orientation to the surface of the dish (Figure 2). Serial sections are collected on formvar coated slotted grids and are recorded in sequence.

Modulation of rat visceral pain by brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF)

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S22-S22
Author(s):  
Rong Wei ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xiaoxue Ding ◽  
Ziqi Yue ◽  
Sha Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Visceral Pain
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