scholarly journals Vascular Genomics of the Human Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric V. Shusta ◽  
Ruben J. Boado ◽  
Gary W. Mathern ◽  
William M. Pardridge
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Brain Microvasculature ◽  
The Brain

The microvasculature of the human brain plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system and in the pathogenesis of brain diseases, and is the site of differential gene expression within the brain. However, human brain microvascular-specific genes may not be detected in whole-brain gene microarray because the volume of the brain microvascular endothelium is relatively small (0.1%) compared with the whole brain. Therefore, the differential gene expression within the human brain microvasculature was evaluated using suppression subtractive hybridization with RNA isolated from human brain microvessels. Gene identification was restricted to the first 71 clones that were differentially expressed at the brain microvasculature. Twenty of these were genes encoding proteins with known function that were involved in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, molecular transport, and maintenance of endothelial tight junctions or the cytoskeleton. Eighteen genes coding for proteins of an unknown function were identified, including five genes containing satellite DNA sequences. The results provide the initial outline of the genomics of the human brain microvasculature, and have implications for the identification of both targets for brain-specific drug transport and changes in microvascular gene expression in brain diseases.

scholarly journals Amyloid-β Oligomers Induce Differential Gene Expression in Adult Human Brain Slices

2012 ◽  
Vol 287 (10) ◽  
pp. 7436-7445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Sebollela ◽  
Leo Freitas-Correa ◽  
Fabio F. Oliveira ◽  
Andrea C. Paula-Lima ◽  
Leonardo M. Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Adult Human Brain ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Differential Gene

scholarly journals Cognitive Stimulation Induces Differential Gene Expression in Octopus vulgaris: The Key Role of Protocadherins

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Valeria Maselli ◽  
Gianluca Polese ◽  
Al-Sayed Al-Soudy ◽  
Maria Buglione ◽  
Anna Di Cosmo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

Octopuses are unique invertebrates, with sophisticated and flexible behaviors controlled by a high degree of brain plasticity, learning, and memory. Moreover, in Octopus vulgaris, it has been demonstrated that animals housed in an enriched environment show adult neurogenesis in specific brain areas. Firstly, we evaluated the optimal acclimatization period needed for an O. vulgaris before starting a cognitive stimulation experiment. Subsequently, we analyzed differential gene expression in specific brain areas in adult animals kept in tested (enriched environment), wild (naturally enriched environment), and control conditions (unenriched environment). We selected and sequenced three protocadherin genes (PCDHs) involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system; three Pax genes that control cell specification and tissue differentiation; the Elav gene, an earliest marker for neural cells; and the Zic1 gene, involved in early neural formation in the brain. In this paper, we evaluated gene expression levels in O. vulgaris under different cognitive stimulations. Our data shows that Oct-PCDHs genes are upregulated in the learning and lower motor centers in the brain of both tested and wild animals (higher in the latter). Combining these results with our previous studies on O. vulgaris neurogenesis, we proposed that PCDH genes may be involved in adult neurogenesis processes, and related with their cognitive abilities.

scholarly journals Developmental Alcohol Exposure in Drosophila: Effects on Adult Phenotypes and Gene Expression in the Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha S. Mokashi ◽  
Vijay Shankar ◽  
Rebecca A. MacPherson ◽  
Rachel C. Hannah ◽  
Trudy F. C. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral changes, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control found that 1 in 10 pregnant women report alcohol use and more than 3 million women in the USA are at risk of exposing their developing fetus to alcohol. Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent genetic model to study developmental effects of alcohol exposure because many individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly and economically under controlled environmental conditions. Flies exposed to alcohol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol-related phenotypes. Here, we show that adult flies that developed on ethanol-supplemented medium have decreased viability, reduced sensitivity to ethanol, and disrupted sleep and activity patterns. To assess the effects of exposure to alcohol during development on brain gene expression, we performed single cell RNA sequencing and resolved cell clusters with differentially expressed genes which represent distinct neuronal and glial populations. Differential gene expression showed extensive sexual dimorphism with little overlap between males and females. Gene expression differences following developmental alcohol exposure were similar to previously reported differential gene expression following cocaine consumption, suggesting that common neural substrates respond to both drugs. Genes associated with glutathione metabolism, lipid transport, glutamate and GABA metabolism, and vision feature in sexually dimorphic global multi-cluster interaction networks. Our results provide a blueprint for translational studies on alcohol-induced effects on gene expression in the brain that may contribute to or result from FASD in human populations.

Differential gene expression in human brain pericytes induced by amyloid-β protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. M. Rensink ◽  
I. Otte-Höller ◽  
H. J. ten Donkelaar ◽  
R. M. W. De Waal ◽  
B. Kremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Β Protein ◽  
Β Protein ◽  
Brain Pericytes ◽  
Differential Gene
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