scholarly journals Exposure to the predator odor TMT induces early and late differential gene expression related to stress and excitatory synaptic function throughout the brain in male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Tyler ◽  
Benjamin Z. S. Weinberg ◽  
Dennis F. Lovelock ◽  
Laura C. Ornelas ◽  
Joyce Besheer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Predator Odor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Vascular Genomics of the Human Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric V. Shusta ◽  
Ruben J. Boado ◽  
Gary W. Mathern ◽  
William M. Pardridge
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Brain Microvasculature ◽  
The Brain

The microvasculature of the human brain plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system and in the pathogenesis of brain diseases, and is the site of differential gene expression within the brain. However, human brain microvascular-specific genes may not be detected in whole-brain gene microarray because the volume of the brain microvascular endothelium is relatively small (0.1%) compared with the whole brain. Therefore, the differential gene expression within the human brain microvasculature was evaluated using suppression subtractive hybridization with RNA isolated from human brain microvessels. Gene identification was restricted to the first 71 clones that were differentially expressed at the brain microvasculature. Twenty of these were genes encoding proteins with known function that were involved in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, molecular transport, and maintenance of endothelial tight junctions or the cytoskeleton. Eighteen genes coding for proteins of an unknown function were identified, including five genes containing satellite DNA sequences. The results provide the initial outline of the genomics of the human brain microvasculature, and have implications for the identification of both targets for brain-specific drug transport and changes in microvascular gene expression in brain diseases.

scholarly journals Cognitive Stimulation Induces Differential Gene Expression in Octopus vulgaris: The Key Role of Protocadherins

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Valeria Maselli ◽  
Gianluca Polese ◽  
Al-Sayed Al-Soudy ◽  
Maria Buglione ◽  
Anna Di Cosmo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

Octopuses are unique invertebrates, with sophisticated and flexible behaviors controlled by a high degree of brain plasticity, learning, and memory. Moreover, in Octopus vulgaris, it has been demonstrated that animals housed in an enriched environment show adult neurogenesis in specific brain areas. Firstly, we evaluated the optimal acclimatization period needed for an O. vulgaris before starting a cognitive stimulation experiment. Subsequently, we analyzed differential gene expression in specific brain areas in adult animals kept in tested (enriched environment), wild (naturally enriched environment), and control conditions (unenriched environment). We selected and sequenced three protocadherin genes (PCDHs) involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system; three Pax genes that control cell specification and tissue differentiation; the Elav gene, an earliest marker for neural cells; and the Zic1 gene, involved in early neural formation in the brain. In this paper, we evaluated gene expression levels in O. vulgaris under different cognitive stimulations. Our data shows that Oct-PCDHs genes are upregulated in the learning and lower motor centers in the brain of both tested and wild animals (higher in the latter). Combining these results with our previous studies on O. vulgaris neurogenesis, we proposed that PCDH genes may be involved in adult neurogenesis processes, and related with their cognitive abilities.

Differential gene expression in the brain of Cuvier,Sebastiscus marmoratus, in response to exposure to tributyltin

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
Xin-yi Nie ◽  
Chong-gang Wang ◽  
Bo-wen Li
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Sebastiscus Marmoratus ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Developmental Alcohol Exposure in Drosophila: Effects on Adult Phenotypes and Gene Expression in the Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha S. Mokashi ◽  
Vijay Shankar ◽  
Rebecca A. MacPherson ◽  
Rachel C. Hannah ◽  
Trudy F. C. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral changes, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control found that 1 in 10 pregnant women report alcohol use and more than 3 million women in the USA are at risk of exposing their developing fetus to alcohol. Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent genetic model to study developmental effects of alcohol exposure because many individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly and economically under controlled environmental conditions. Flies exposed to alcohol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol-related phenotypes. Here, we show that adult flies that developed on ethanol-supplemented medium have decreased viability, reduced sensitivity to ethanol, and disrupted sleep and activity patterns. To assess the effects of exposure to alcohol during development on brain gene expression, we performed single cell RNA sequencing and resolved cell clusters with differentially expressed genes which represent distinct neuronal and glial populations. Differential gene expression showed extensive sexual dimorphism with little overlap between males and females. Gene expression differences following developmental alcohol exposure were similar to previously reported differential gene expression following cocaine consumption, suggesting that common neural substrates respond to both drugs. Genes associated with glutathione metabolism, lipid transport, glutamate and GABA metabolism, and vision feature in sexually dimorphic global multi-cluster interaction networks. Our results provide a blueprint for translational studies on alcohol-induced effects on gene expression in the brain that may contribute to or result from FASD in human populations.

scholarly journals Differential Gene Expression in the Brain of the African Lungfish, Protopterus annectens, after Six Days or Six Months of Aestivation in Air

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e71205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kum C. Hiong ◽  
Yuen K. Ip ◽  
Wai P. Wong ◽  
Shit F. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Protopterus Annectens ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
African Lungfish ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Differential gene expression in the brain of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Li ◽  
Chonggang Wang ◽  
Kai Ye ◽  
Ang Yu ◽  
Yixin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Sebastiscus Marmoratus ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Developmental Alcohol Exposure in Drosophila: Effects on Adult Phenotypes and Gene Expression in the Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha S. Mokashi ◽  
Vijay Shankar ◽  
Rebecca A. MacPherson ◽  
Rachel C. Hannah ◽  
Trudy F. C. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Brain

Fetal alcohol exposure can lead to developmental abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral changes, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). In 2015, the Centers for Disease Control found that 1 in 10 pregnant women report alcohol use and more than 3 million women in the USA are at risk of exposing their developing baby to alcohol. Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent genetic model to study developmental effects of alcohol exposure because many individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly and economically under controlled environmental conditions. Flies exposed to alcohol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol-related phenotypes. Here, we show that adult flies that developed on ethanol-supplemented medium have decreased viability, reduced sensitivity to ethanol, and disrupted sleep and activity patterns. To assess the effects of exposure to alcohol during development on brain gene expression, we performed single cell RNA sequencing and resolved cell clusters with differentially expressed genes which represent distinct neuronal and glial populations. Differential gene expression showed extensive sexual dimorphism with little overlap between males and females. Gene expression differences following developmental alcohol exposure were similar to previously reported differential gene expression following cocaine consumption, suggesting that common neural substrates respond to both drugs. Genes associated with glutathione metabolism, lipid transport, glutamate and GABA metabolism, and vision feature in sexually dimorphic global multi-cluster interaction networks. Our results provide a blueprint for translational studies on alcohol-induced effects on gene expression in the brain that may contribute to or result from FASD in human populations.

scholarly journals Exposure to the predator odor TMT induces early and late differential gene expression related to stress and excitatory synaptic function throughout the brain in male rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Tyler ◽  
Ben Weinberg ◽  
Dennis Lovelock ◽  
Laura Ornelas ◽  
Joyce Besheer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Predator Odor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prelimbic Cortex ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractPersistent changes in brain stress and glutamatergic function are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Rodent exposure to the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is an innate stressor that produces lasting behavioral consequences relevant to PTSD. As such, the goal of the present study was to assess early (6 hours and 2 days) and late (4 weeks) changes to gene expression (RT-PCR) related to stress and excitatory function following TMT exposure in male, Long-Evans rats. During TMT exposure, rats engaged in stress reactive behaviors, including digging and immobility. Further, the TMT group displayed enhanced exploration and mobility in the TMT-paired context one week after exposure, suggesting a lasting contextual reactivity. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulated FKBP5 6 hours post-TMT in the hypothalamus and dorsal hippocampus. Two days after TMT, GRM3 was downregulated in the prelimbic cortex and dorsal hippocampus, but upregulated in the nucleus accumbens. This may reflect an early stress response (FKBP5) that resulted in later glutamatergic adaptation (GRM3). Finally, four weeks after TMT exposure, several differentially expressed genes known to mediate excitatory tripartite synaptic function were observed. Specifically in the prelimbic cortex (GRM5, DLG4 and SLC1A3 upregulated), infralimbic cortex (GRM2 downregulated, Homer1 upregulated), nucleus accumbens (GRM7 and SLC1A3 downregulated), dorsal hippocampus (FKBP5 and NR3C2 upregulated, SHANK3 downregulated) and ventral hippocampus (CNR1, GRM7, GRM5, SHANK3, and Homer1 downregulated). These data demonstrate that TMT exposure stress induces early and late stress and excitatory molecular adaptations, which may help us understand the persistent glutamatergic dysfunction observed in PTSD.

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