15 Total serum calcium levels, serum phosphate and blood pressure in early pregnancy

Background: Systemic hypertension is global disease responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. Essential or primary hypertension accounts for the majority of people with hypertension. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of essential hypertension has grown a lot, its aetiology still remains hypothetical. Few studies in literature have found some correlation with serum calcium levels and blood pressure of the individuals.Methods: A total 200 patients, 100 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive and 100 normotensive patients were included in the study. A detailed history and clinical profile was taken. Blood sample was collected and serum calcium, serum albumin were determined and corrected calcium was calculated and the results were tabulated and appropriate statistical analysis was done.Results: The mean total serum calcium and corrected calcium levels were significantly lowered in essential hypertensive compared to the normotensive individuals. There was no correlation between total serum and corrected calcium levels against systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There was also no difference in serum total and corrected calcium levels among different subsets in essential hypertensive group.Conclusion: Essential hypertension still remains the most common form of hypertension present worldwide causing significant mortality and morbidity. Despite increased advances in medicine and large number of studies done in context with the cause of essential hypertension, its aetiology still remains hypothetical. Even though studies have shown some correlation of calcium fractions with hypertension, the aetiology is still unclear.

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Effect of long period treatment with erythropoiesis stimulating agents on clinically and laboratory parameters in hemodialysis autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients

Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator ◽

10.1515/rrlm-2017-0032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 375-382

Author(s):

Olga Hilda Orăsan ◽

Ljubomir Petrov ◽

Laura Urian ◽

Angela Cozma ◽

George Ciulei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Serum Phosphate ◽

Total Serum ◽

Polycystic Kidney ◽

Total Serum Calcium ◽

Weekly Treatment ◽

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney

Abstract Introduction. The study of dialysis patients not needing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) for long periods of time has gained interest lately. The aim of this study was to compare laboratory and clinical parameters in hemodialysis patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) treated or not with ESA. Methods. Forty-six hemodialysis ADPKD patients were studied for 8 months and they were divided into: group 1- 29 patients who received ESA during the study period and group 2- 17 patients with no ESA treatment. The following parameters were determined: weekly treatment time, body mass index (BMI), pre-session diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pre-session systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood volume processed (BVD), interdialytic body weight gain (IBWG), spKt/V -K/DOQI formula (Kt/V), urea distribution volume (UDV), hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum phosphate, total serum calcium, normalized protein catabolic ratio (nPCR), albumin, and intact parathormone (PTH). Results. Patients not requiring ESA were more likely to be men, had higher Hb, albumin, total serum calcium levels, IBWG, UDV, BVP, and weekly treatment time. They had lower ferritin, TSAT, SBP. There was no difference regarding DBP, BMI, serum phosphate, PTH, Kt/V, and nPCR. Conclusion. Hemodialysis ADPKD patients not treated with ESA seem to be better nourished, with a slightly better SBP control, with longer dialysis time and increased Hb (despite lower iron loading markers), compared to hemodialysis ADPKD patients treated with ESA.

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The Reference Intervals Used in Pediatric Medical Analysis Laboratories to Interpret the Results Analysis for Total Serum Calcium

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.2.5428 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 243-245

Author(s):

Elisabeta Antonescu ◽

Maria Totan ◽

Gheorghe Cornel Boitor ◽

Julianna Szakacs ◽

Sinziana Calina Silisteanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Age Groups ◽

Essential Element ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Total Serum ◽

Electronic Archive ◽

Total Serum Calcium ◽

Analysis Laboratory ◽

Medical Analysis

Medical analysis laboratory must establish its own reference intervals depending on the facilities they are working with, the working substances and protocols. These reference intervals must be obtained depending on age groups in order to accurately interpret the results of the analyzes performed. The study is a retrospective one using 3217 data from the electronic archive of the S.C. Vladutiu&Garabedian S.R.L. Clinic in Medias. Total serum calcium was determined by the colorimetric method on the Konelab analyzer. Processing of the collected data was done using the Hoffmann method, considering 5% up to 95% of the values in the database, the values being randomly selected. For comparison, data from the literature was used. In children under 1 year old, it was not possible to calculate the reference intervals since data was insufficient. In the other age groups, reference intervals obtained in the current study were similar to the studied literature. Reference intervals established for calcium can provide important guidance for the reasonable supplementation of this essential element in children.

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Studies on Ionized Calcium in Serum and Plasma from Normal Cows. Its Relation to Total Serum Calcium and the Effects of Sample Storing

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/bf03547588 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 487-496

Author(s):

Clarence Kυart ◽

Lasse Larsson

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Calcium

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Association of dietary calcium intake, total and ionized serum calcium levels with preeclampsia in Ethiopia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04005-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rahel D. Gebreyohannes ◽

Ahmed Abdella ◽

Wondimu Ayele ◽

Ahizechukwu C. Eke

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Calcium ◽

Total Serum Calcium Level

Abstract Background Preeclampsia is a well-known cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The exact pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies have been given emphasis to play roles in the pathophysiology. Although evidence is abundant, they are equivocal. The study aimed to see the association of dietary calcium intake, serum total calcium level and ionized calcium level with preeclampsia. It also evaluated the association between dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels. Materials and methods An unmatched case–control study was conducted in Gandhi Memorial, Tikur Anbessa, and Zewditu Memorial Hospitals, all in Addis Ababa, between October to December, 2019. Cases were 42 women with preeclampsia and controls were 42 normotensive women. The medical and obstetric history was gathered using a structured questionnaire and the dietary calcium intake information using a 24-h dietary recall. The serum levels of total serum calcium and ionized (free) calcium were measured using an inductively coupled mass spectrophotometer. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and Pearson correlation test were utilized during data analysis. Results In comparison with controls, women with preeclampsia had lower mean (± 1SD) levels of ionized calcium level (1.1 mmol/l ± 0.11), total serum calcium level (1.99 mmol/l ± 0.35) and lower median (IQR) dietary calcium intake (704 mg/24 h,458–1183). The odds of having preeclampsia was almost eight times greater in those participants with low serum ionized calcium level (OR 7.5, 95% CI 2.388–23.608) and three times higher in those with low total serum calcium level (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.024–9.370). Low dietary calcium intake also showed statistically significant association with preeclampsia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.092 -10.723). Serum ionized calcium level and total serum calcium level showed positive correlation of moderate strength (p = 0.004, r = 0.307), but no correlation was found between dietary calcium intake with both forms of serum calcium levels. Conclusion This study showed significant association between low dietary calcium intake and low serum calcium levels with preeclampsia, hence this can be used as a supportive local evidence for the current context-specific recommendation of calcium supplementation in societies with low-dietary calcium consumption in an attempt to prevent preeclampsia, therefore implementation study should be considered in Ethiopia to look for the feasibility of routine supplementation.

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Fluoride Ingestion in Children: A Review of 87 Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.88.5.907 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 907-912

Author(s):

W. Lynn Augenstein ◽

David G. Spoerke ◽

Ken W. Kulig ◽

Alan H. Hall ◽

Priscilla K. Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Fatal Case ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Total Serum ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Poison Center ◽

Normal Children ◽

Fluoride Treatment ◽

Total Serum Calcium

All cases of fluoride ingestion in children younger than 12 years old reported to the Rocky Mountain Poison Center between January 1 and December 31, 1986, were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-seven cases were identified. Eighty-four cases involved accidental ingestion of dental fluoride products in the home (tablets, drops, rinses) in children 8 months to 6 years old. Two older children (8 and 9 years old) became symptomatic after fluoride treatment by a dentist. A 13-month-old child died after ingesting an unknown amount of sodium fluoride insecticide, the only insecticide exposure in our series. Postmortem total serum calcium value was 4.8 mg/dL (normal 8.8 to 10.3). No other patients had serious symptoms or sequelae. Twenty-six (30%) of 87 became symptomatic, with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) in 25 patients and drowsiness in 1. Only 3 patients became symptomatic later than 1 hour after ingestion. Analysis of data from 70 cases with sufficient information revealed that as the amount of fluoride ingested increased, the percentage of patients with symptoms increased. Not including the fatal case, 6 patients had serum calcium levels measured, and all were normal. Children who ingested up to 8.4 mg/kg of elemental fluoride in dental products had mild and self-limited symptoms, mostly gastrointestinal.

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Intraoperative monitoring of kinetic total serum calcium levels in primary hyperparathyroidism surgery1 1No competing interests declared.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons ◽

10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2003.12.006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 198 (4) ◽

pp. 519-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Dı́az-Aguirregoitia ◽

Carlos Emparan ◽

Sonia Gaztambide ◽

Maria Angeles Aniel-Quiroga ◽

Maria Angeles Busturia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Intraoperative Monitoring ◽

Total Serum ◽

Competing Interests ◽

Total Serum Calcium

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Late Onset Hypocalcemic Seizures in Formula-Fed, Vitamin D Deficient Babies: Revisited

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/0973217920927903 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (1-2) ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Umar Amin Qureshi ◽

Abdus Sami Bhat ◽

Muzaffar Jan ◽

Uruj Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Late Onset ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Calcium ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D

Purpose: Late onset neonatal hypocalcemia (LNH) is defined as hypocalcemia detected after day 3 of life. Its occurrence in babies fed with cow’s milk is well understood. Since the advent of modern-day formulas, the incidence has however decreased. Methods: A prospective descriptive study (January 2017 to December 2017) of LNH seizures in neonates was conducted. LNH was defined as the total serum calcium of less than 7 mg/dL in preterm or less than 8 mg/dL in term newborns after 72 h of life. Results: 14 neonates were presented with myoclonic and focal seizures due to late hypocalcemia. All were formula fed. Their mean serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, 25-OH vitamin D, intact PTH levels were 4.93 mg/dL, 9.19 mg/dL, 244 U/L, 1.2 mg/dL, 30 nmol/L, 38.6 pg/mL, respectively. Mean maternal vitamin D levels were 43 nmol/L. Mean hospital stay was 4 days. Clinical response to treatment was brisk in those who were able to shift to total breast feeding early. Conclusions: LNH in formula-fed and vitamin D deficient babies is not uncommon. Emphasis should be laid on exclusive breast feeding even in vitamin D deplete mothers. However, mothers at risk should be supplemented with vitamin D during pregnancy.

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