Acute Optic Neuritis in Demyelinating Disease of the Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

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Biology of the repair of central nervous system demyelinated lesions: an appraisal

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x1996000200026 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 331-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. A. V Peireira ◽

M. A. Cruz-Höfling ◽

M. S. J. Dertkigil ◽

D. L. Graça

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Schwann Cells ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Primitive Cell ◽

Marked Influence ◽

Myelin Sheaths ◽

Human Material ◽

The Central Nervous System

The integrity of myelin sheaths is maintained by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells respectively in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the peripheral nervous system. The process of demyelination consisting of the withdrawal of myelin sheaths from their axons is a characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis, the most common human demyelinating disease. Many experimental models have been designed to study the biology of demyelination and remyelination (repair of the lost myelin) in the CNS, due to the difficulties in studying human material. In the ethidium bromide (an intercalating gliotoxic drug) model of demyelination, CNS remyelination may be carried out by surviving oligodendrocytes and/or by cells differentiated from the primitive cell lines or either by Schwann cells that invade the CNS. However, some factors such as the age of the experimental animals, intensity and time of exposure to the intercalating chemical and the topography of the lesions have marked influence on the repair of the tissue.

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Gadolinium-Enhanced 3D T1-Weighted Black-Blood MR Imaging for the Detection of Acute Optic Neuritis

American Journal of Neuroradiology ◽

10.3174/ajnr.a6807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (12) ◽

pp. 2333-2338

Author(s):

I. Riederer ◽

N. Sollmann ◽

M. Mühlau ◽

C. Zimmer ◽

J.S. Kirschke

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Black Blood ◽

Acute Optic Neuritis

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Comparison of CSF findings and MRI with GD-DTPA in patients with acute optic neuritis (AON)

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/0165-5728(94)90306-9 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 54 (1-2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

J. Frederiksen ◽

H. Larsson ◽

P. Christiansen ◽

F. Sellebjerg

Keyword(s):

Optic Neuritis ◽

Acute Optic Neuritis ◽

Csf Findings

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First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

Journal of Pediatric Neurology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1606380 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (03) ◽

pp. 164-170

Author(s):

Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽

Amy Waldman

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Transverse Myelitis ◽

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽

The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

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