ASSOCIATION OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE INFECTION IN YOUNG INFANTS

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the commonest cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in infants. However, the burden of RSV is unknown in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonality and predictors of RSV infection in young infants with ALRI for the first time in Ethiopia. Methods We performed RSV immuno-chromatographic assay from nasopharyngeal swabs of infants, 29 days to 6 months of age. We included the first 10 eligible infants in each month from June 2018 to May 2019 admitted in a tertiary pediatric center. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were also collected, and chi-square test and regression were used to assess associated factors with RSV infection. Results Among a total of 117 study children, 65% were male and mean age was 3 months. Bronchiolitis was the commonest diagnosis (49%). RSV was isolated from 26 subjects (22.2%) of all ALRI, 37% of bronchiolitis and 11% of pneumonia patients. Although RSV infection occurred year round, highest rate extended from June to November. No clinical or laboratory parameter predicted RSV infection and only rainy season (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 10.46 [95%. C.I. 1.95, 56.18]) was independent predictor of RSV infection. Conclusions RSV was isolated in a fifth of young infants with severe ALRI, mostly in the rainy season. Diagnosis of RSV infection in our setting require specific tests as no clinical parameter predicted RSV infection. Since RSV caused less than a quarter of ALRI in our setting, the other causes should be looked for in future studies.

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Lectin Polyagglutination in a 2-Year-Old Girl With Acute Presentation of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Pneumonia, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Type B, and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/138.suppl1.013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 138 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. A013-A013

Author(s):

Fay B. West

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽

Virus Type ◽

Type B ◽

Acute Presentation ◽

Uremic Syndrome ◽

Syncytial Virus

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In utero tobacco smoke exposure alters lung inflammation, viral clearance, and CD8+T-cell responses in neonatal mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00338.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (2) ◽

pp. L212-L221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nagarjuna R. Cheemarla ◽

Ifeanyi K. Uche ◽

Kaitlin McBride ◽

Shan Naidu ◽

Antonieta Guerrero-Plata

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

T Cell ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Lung Inflammation ◽

In Utero ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Viral Clearance ◽

Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽

Young Infants ◽

Syncytial Virus

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure of infants to cigarette smoke are strongly associated with adverse health effects in childhood including higher susceptibility to respiratory viral infections. Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection among young infants. Exacerbation of respiratory disease, including HRSV bronchiolitis and higher susceptibility to HRSV infection, is well correlated with previous smoke exposure. The mechanisms of recurrence and susceptibility to viral pathogens after passive smoke exposure are multifactorial and include alteration of the structural and immunologic host defenses. In this work, we used a well-established mouse model of in utero smoke exposure to investigate the effect of in utero smoke exposure in HRSV-induced pathogenesis. Sample analysis indicated that in utero exposure led to increased lung inflammation characterized by an increased influx of neutrophils to the airways of the infected mice and a delayed viral clearance. On the other hand, decreased HRSV-specific CD8+T-cell response was observed. These findings indicate that cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy alters HRSV-induced disease as well as several aspects of the neonatal immune responses.

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