DIVERSITY IN H-2 GENES ENCODING ANTIGEN-PRESENTING MOLECULES IS GENERATED BY INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MEMBERS OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX GENE FAMILY

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY R. PEASE
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Antigen Presenting

scholarly journals Mating preferences can drive expansion or contraction of major histocompatibility complex gene family

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1921) ◽  
pp. 20192706
Author(s):  
Piotr Bentkowski ◽  
Jacek Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Mhc Diversity ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-based mating rules can evolve as a way to avoid inbreeding or to increase offspring immune competence. While the role of mating preference in shaping the MHC diversity in vertebrates has been acknowledged, its impact on individual MHC diversity has not been considered. Here, we use computer simulations to investigate how simple mating rules favouring MHC-dissimilar partners affect the evolution of the number of MHC variants in individual genomes, accompanying selection for resistance to parasites. We showed that the effect of such preferences could sometimes be dramatic. If preferences are aimed at avoiding identical alleles, the equilibrium number of MHC alleles is much smaller than under random mating. However, if the mating rule minimizes the ratio of shared to different alleles in partners, MHC number is higher than under random mating. Additionally, our simulations revealed that a negative correlation between the numbers of MHC variants in mated individuals can arise from simple rules of MHC-disassortative mating. Our results reveal unexpected potential of MHC-based mating preferences to drive MHC gene family expansions or contractions and highlight the need to study the mechanistic basis of such preferences, which is currently poorly understood.

Immunologic Response of the Laryngeal Mucosa to Extraesophageal Reflux

2008 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 891-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Birchall ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak ◽  
Nikki Johnston ◽  
Charlotte F. Inman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Extraesophageal Reflux ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Objectives: Extraesophageal reflux is common. The treatment costs are high, and there are associations with other diseases, including laryngeal cancer. Our studies of the mucosal immune response to this common inflammatory disease suggest an important role for the nonclassic antigen-presenting molecule CD1d in the response to inflammation. This study was performed to further explore the relationship between the CD1d–NKT cell–iGb3 axis and reflux. Methods: We carried out a prospective study of laryngeal biopsies from 12 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux and 11 controls. Quantitative multiple-color immunofluorescence using antibodies for lymphocytes (CD3, CD161) and classic and nonclassic major histocompatibility complex (I, II, β2m, CD1d) was performed, and univariate and multivariate analysis and co-localization measurements were applied. Results: Epithelial major histocompatibility complex class I and II expression was unchanged by reflux, but expression of CD1d increased (p < 0.05; luminal layers) and confidence intervals diminished in the reflux group. Co-localization of NKT cells with CD1d increased in patients (p < 0.01); iGb3 exhibited strong expression throughout all layers of the laryngeal epithelium. Conclusions: These data indicate a role for the CD1d–NKT cell–iGb3 axis in response to extraesophageal reflux in humans. This represents a useful target for novel diagnostics and treatments for this common condition.

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