scholarly journals Persistent Depression of Contractility and Vasodilation with Propofol but Not with Sevoflurane or Desflurane in Rabbits

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Forbes Royse ◽  
David F. L. Liew ◽  
Christine E. Wright ◽  
Alistair G. Royse ◽  
James A. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Significant Recovery ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Pressure Volume Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background Propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane may cause hemodynamic compromise during anesthesia and critical care management. The aim of the study was to compare these anesthetics during increased dose and recovery to maintenance level. Methods Anesthetized, open-chest New Zealand White rabbits were used to acquire dose-response curves with sevoflurane, desflurane, and propofol, followed by reduction to baseline infusion. Simultaneous high-fidelity left ventricular pressure and volume data were acquired during caval occlusion with a dual-field conductance catheter inserted via an apical stab. The preload recruitable stroke work and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship were used as the primary measures of contractility and diastolic function. Results The time-matched controls were stable over time. Propofol and desflurane but not sevoflurane caused dose-dependent reductions in myocardial contractility, although sevoflurane reduced contractility more at 1 minimal alveolar concentration. All anesthetics reduced mean arterial pressure, and significant recovery occurred for sevoflurane and desflurane but not for propofol. The end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship was increased by sevoflurane. Ejection fraction decreased with sevoflurane only. All anesthetics caused dose-dependent vasodilation, with recovery for desflurane and sevoflurane but not propofol. Heart rate was decreased with propofol without significant recovery. Propofol plasma concentrations remained elevated after dose return to baseline infusion rate, suggestive of distribution compartment saturation. Conclusion All three anesthetics caused dose-dependent decreases in cardiovascular function. Recovery of cardiovascular function occurred rapidly with sevoflurane and desflurane, but persistent depression of contractility, vasodilation, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate occurred with propofol during a 30-min recovery period.

scholarly journals Comparison of Haemodynamic Response to Intubation with KingVision and C-MAC Videolaryngoscope in Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prathima Padavarahalli Thammanna ◽  
Kavya Marasandra Seetharam ◽  
Tejesh Channasandra Anandaswamy ◽  
Prapti Rath ◽  
Geetha Chamanhalli Rajappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Haemodynamic Response ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Videolaryngoscopes are now being advocated as the universal device for airway management due to their ability to provide an improved glottic visualisation. Due to their ability to see around the corners, they obviate the need to align the airway axes and thus may lead to less airway stimulation. This may result in less haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation. The present study was designed to compare the haemodynamic response to intubation with King Vision and C-MAC videolaryngoscopes. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, adults with unanticipated difficult intubation, scheduled to undergo surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised to be intubated with either King Vision (Group K) or C-MAC (Group C) videolaryngoscope. Following a standardised general anaesthesia induction protocol all subjects were intubated with the allocated videolaryngoscope and haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure) were recorded at specific time points. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS Software (version 18.0). Results: The changes in the heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure following laryngoscopy and intubation with the allocated videolaryngoscope were statistically similar between the two groups at all time points. Conclusion: Haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation with King Vision and C-MAC videolaryngoscopes were similar.

scholarly journals Transient hypertension and sustained tachycardia in mice housed individually in metabolism cages

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Hoppe ◽  
KM Moritz ◽  
SM Fitzgerald ◽  
JF Bertram ◽  
RG Evans
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Surgical Implantation

The novel environment of a metabolic cage can be stressful for rodents, but few studies have attempted to quantify this stressresponse. Therefore, we determined the effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), of placing mice of both sexes in metabolism cages for 2 days. After surgical implantation of a carotid artery catheter mice recovered individually in standard cages for 5 days. Mice then spent 2 days in metabolism cages. MAP and HR were monitored in the standard cage on Day 5 and in metabolism cages on Days 6-7. MAP increased by 18±3 and 22±4 %, while HR increased by 27±4 and 27±6 %, in males and females, respectively, during the first hours after cage switch. MAP decreased to baseline in the fourth and eighth h following metabolism cage switch in males and females, respectively. However, HR remained significantly elevated in both sexes during the entire two-day period in metabolism cages. Females had lower MAP than males both pre- and postmetabolism cage switch, but there were no sex differences in HR. These results demonstrate sustained changes in cardiovascular function when mice are housed in metabolism cages, which could potentially affect renal function.

Anesthetic Potency of Remifentanil in Dogs

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-872. ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis G. Michelsen ◽  
Markku Salmenpera ◽  
Jr. Hug ◽  
Fania Szlam ◽  
Dirk VanderMeer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Remifentanil Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Anesthetic Potency

Background Remifentanil is an opioid that is rapidly inactivated by esterases in blood and tissues. This study examined the anesthetic potency and efficacy of remifentanil in terms of its reduction of enflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in dogs. Methods Twenty-five dogs were anesthetized with enflurane. One group received incremental infusion rates of remifentanil from 0.055 to 5.5 micrograms x kg(-1). A second group received constant rate infusions of remifentanil of 1.0 micrograms x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 6-8 h. Enflurane MAC was measured before, hourly during remifentanil infusion, and at the end of the experiment after naloxone administration. A third group received alternating infusions of 0.5 and 1.0 micrograms x kg(-1) x min(-1) with MAC determinations made 30 min after each change in the infusion rate. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and remifentanil blood concentrations were measured during MAC determinations. Results Enflurane MAC was reduced up to a maximum of 63 +/- 10.4% (mean +/- SD) in a dose-dependent manner by remifentanil infusion. The dose producing a 50% reduction in the enflurane MAC was calculated as 0.72 micrograms x kg(-1)x min(-1) and the corresponding blood concentration was calculated as 9.2 ng/ml. Enflurane MAC reduction remained stable during continuous, constant rate infusions for periods of 6-8 h without any signs of tolerance. Recovery of enflurane MAC to baseline occurred in 30 min (earliest measurement) after stopping the remifentanil infusion. Conclusions Remifentanil is equally efficacious and about half as potent as fentanyl, judging from the blood concentrations causing equivalent reductions in enflurane MAC in the dog. The characteristics of MAC reduction are similar to those of other opioids, including the ceiling effect. Recovery from remifentanil anesthesia is much more rapid than for any other opioid studied to date, especially after continuous infusions maintained for 6 or more h.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic effects elicited by microinjection of glutamatergic agonists into NTS of conscious rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. H1026-H1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Rodrigues Dias ◽  
William T. Talman ◽  
Eduardo Colombari
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Preferential Activation ◽  
Biphasic Responses

In this study, we characterized the arterial pressure, heart rate, and regional vascular conductance responses elicited by unilateral microinjection of ionotropic glutamatergic agonists N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA and non-NMDA) into the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS) of conscious rats. Microinjections of NMDA and S-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) caused changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Lower doses elicited decreases in MAP, whereas higher doses elicited biphasic responses (decreases followed by increases). Both agonists induced bradycardia and elicited dose-dependent vasoconstriction in the renal, mesenteric, and hindquarter beds. AMPA elicited delayed vasodilation in the hindquarter bed but NMDA did not. Bradycardia and initial hypotension produced by each agonist were abolished by systemic administration of the muscarinic antagonist methylatropine. However, methylatropine did not affect either the vasoconstriction or the vasodilatation. The contrasting hemodynamic effects produced by NMDA and AMPA could be caused by activation of differential subsets of NTS neurons. Preferential activation of one subset could produce the NMDA-related responses, whereas activation of another subset would elicit AMPA-related responses.

Differential control of renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity during freezing behavior in conscious rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (4) ◽  
pp. R1114-R1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misa Yoshimoto ◽  
Keiko Nagata ◽  
Kenju Miki
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors

The present study was designed to document changes in sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular function when conscious rats were challenged with a noise stressor to induce freezing behavior. The potential contribution of the arterial baroreceptors in regulating sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular adjustments during the freezing behavior was then examined. Wistar male rats were assigned to sham-operated (SO) and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) groups and instrumented chronically with electrodes for measurements of renal (RSNA) and lumbar (LSNA) sympathetic nerve activity, electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram and catheters for measurements of systemic arterial and central venous pressure. Both SO and SAD rats were exposed to 90 dB of white noise for 10 min, causing freezing behavior in both groups. In SO rats, freezing behavior was associated with an immediate and significant ( P < 0.05) increase in RSNA, no changes in LSNA or mean arterial pressure, and a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in heart rate. SAD attenuated the magnitude of the immediate increase in RSNA and had no influence on the response in LSNA during freezing behavior compared with SO rats. Moreover, in SAD rats, mean arterial pressure increased significantly ( P < 0.05) while heart rate did not change during the freezing behavior. These data indicate that freezing behavior evokes regionally different changes in sympathetic outflows, which may be involved in generating the patterned responses of cardiovascular function to stressful or threatening sensory stimulation. Moreover, it is suggested that the arterial baroreceptors are involved in generating the differential changes in RSNA and LSNA and thus the patterned changes in cardiovascular functions observed during freezing behavior in conscious rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Stress Response and Immune Function in Patients With Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382097754
Author(s):  
Lihong Zheng ◽  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Likun Zheng ◽  
Shuangfeng Jing ◽  
Xiaoting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Spontaneous Respiration ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Group D ◽  
Perioperative Stress

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress response and immune function in patients with tumors. Methods: Sixty patients who underwent selective radical gastrectomy for cancer were randomly divided into 3 groups: remifentanil group (group R), dexmedetomidine group (group D), and sufentanil group (group S). Remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, and sufentanil were used as general anesthetics. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed after the spontaneous respiration disappeared. Then, the data were recorded, and blood samples were collected at all time points. Results: The heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T1 in group S, and both heart rate and mean arterial pressure significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group R when compared to group D. The heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T2 in group S and group R. Furthermore, the heart rate significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T3 and T4 in group S and group R. Intra-group comparison: The heart rate at T1–T4 and mean arterial pressure at T1–T4 significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group S, and the heart rate at T1 and T4, and mean arterial pressure at T2–T4 significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in group R when compared to T0. The serum IL-6, IFN-γ, and β-EP significantly increased ( P < 0.05) at T0’ in group S and group R when compared to group D. Blood glucose, and serum IL-10, IFN-γ, and β-EP significantly increased ( P < 0.05), while IL-18 significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) at T1’ in group S and group R. Conclusion: Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in combination with the inhalation of sevoflurane is superior to sevoflurane + remifentanil or sufentanil in patients undergoing tumor surgery.

scholarly journals Preclinical Pharmacology in the Rhesus Monkey of CW 1759-50, a New Ultra-short Acting Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agent, Degraded and Antagonized by L-Cysteine

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Savarese ◽  
Hiroshi Sunaga ◽  
Jeff D. McGilvra ◽  
Matthew R. Belmont ◽  
Matthew T. Murrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Circulatory Effects

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Structure–activity studies were performed to identify a new neuromuscular blocking agent retaining the ultra-short acting characteristics of gantacurium, including degradation and reversal by l-cysteine, but lacking its histaminoid properties in man. CW 1759-50 has emerged from this program. Methods Adduction of CW 1759-50 with l-cysteine was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee–approved comparisons of CW 1759-50 to gantacurium were performed in rhesus monkeys. ED95 for neuromuscular blockade was established. Spontaneous recovery was compared to reversal by l-cysteine in paired studies of boluses or infusions. In addition, changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate after very large doses of 15 to 60 × ED95 were compared. Results The half-time of adduction of l-cysteine to CW 1759-50 in vitro was 2.3 min. The ED95 of CW 1759-50 was 0.069 ± 0.02 mg/kg; ED95 of gantacurium was 0.081 ± 0.05 mg/kg (P = 0.006). Duration of action (recovery to 95% twitch height after 98 to 99% blockade) was as follows: CW 1759-50, 8.2 ± 1.5 min; and gantacurium, 7.4 ± 1.9 min; (n = 8 and 9, P = 0.355). Administration of l-cysteine (30 mg/kg) shortened recovery (i.e., induced reversal) from CW 1759-50 after boluses or infusions (P always less than 0.0001). Recovery intervals (5 to 95% twitch) ranged from 6.1 to 6.7 min (and did not differ significantly) after boluses of 0.10 to 0.50 mg/kg, as well as control infusions (P = 0.426 by analysis of variance). Dose ratios comparing changes of 30% in mean arterial pressure or heart rate to ED95 for neuromuscular blockade (ED 30% Δ [mean arterial pressure or heart rate]/ED95) were higher for CW 1759-50 than for gantacurium. Conclusions CW 1759-50, similar to gantacurium, is an ultra-short acting neuromuscular blocking agent, antagonized by l-cysteine, in the monkey. The circulatory effects, however, are much reduced in comparison with gantacurium, suggesting a trial in humans.

Hypotensive and Regional Haemodynamic Effects of Exercise, Fasted and after Food, in Human Sympathetic Denervation

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmini Puvi-Rajasingham ◽  
Gareth D. P. Smith ◽  
Adeola Akinola ◽  
Christopher J. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Stroke Distance

1. In human sympathetic denervation due to primary autonomic failure, food and exercise in combination may produce a cumulative blood pressure lowering effect due to simultaneous splanchnic and skeletal muscle dilatation unopposed by corrective cardiovascular reflexes. We studied 12 patients with autonomic failure during and after 9 min of supine exercise, when fasted and after a liquid meal. Standing blood pressure was also measured before and after exercise. 2. When fasted, blood pressure fell during exercise from 162 ± 7/92 ± 4 to 129 ± 9/70 ± 5 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 22 ± 5%), P < 0.0005. After the meal, blood pressure fell from 159 ± 8/88 ± 6 to 129 ± 6/70 ± 4 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 22 ± 3%), P < 0.0001, and further during exercise to 123 ± 6/61 ± 3 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 9 ± 3%), P < 0.01. The stroke distance—heart rate product, an index of cardiac output, did not change after the meal. During exercise, changes in the stroke distance—heart rate product were greater when fasted. 3. Resting forearm and calf vascular resistance were higher when fasted. Calf vascular resistance fell further after exercise when fasted. Resting superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance was lower when fed; 0.19 ± 0.02 compared with 032 ± 0.06, P < 0.05. After exercise, superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance had risen by 82%, to 0.53 ± 0.12, P < 0.05 (fasted) and by 47%, to 0.29 ± 0.05, P < 0.05 (fed). 4. On standing, absolute levels of blood pressure were higher when fasted [83 ± 7/52 ± 7 compared with 71 ± 2/41 ± 3 (fed), each P < 0.05]. Subjects were more symptomatic on standing post-exercise when fed. 5. In human sympathetic denervation, exercise in the fed state lowered blood pressure further than when fasted and worsened symptoms of postural hypotension.

Angiotensin II induces insulin resistance independent of changes in interstitial insulin

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E920-E926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce M. Richey ◽  
Marilyn Ader ◽  
Donna Moore ◽  
Richard N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Ang Ii

We set out to examine whether angiotensin-driven hypertension can alter insulin action and whether these changes are reflected as changes in interstitial insulin (the signal to which insulin-sensitive cells respond to increase glucose uptake). To this end, we measured hemodynamic parameters, glucose turnover, and insulin dynamics in both plasma and interstitial fluid (lymph) during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps in anesthetized dogs, with or without simultaneous infusions of angiotensin II (ANG II). Hyperinsulinemia per se failed to alter mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or femoral blood flow. ANG II infusion resulted in increased mean arterial pressure (68 ± 16 to 94 ± 14 mmHg, P < 0.001) with a compensatory decrease in heart rate (110 ± 7 vs. 86 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.05). Peripheral resistance was significantly increased by ANG II from 0.434 to 0.507 mmHg ⋅ ml−1⋅ min ( P < 0.05). ANG II infusion increased femoral artery blood flow (176 ± 4 to 187 ± 5 ml/min, P < 0.05) and resulted in additional increases in both plasma and lymph insulin (93 ± 20 to 122 ± 13 μU/ml and 30 ± 4 to 45 ± 8 μU/ml, P < 0.05). However, glucose uptake was not significantly altered and actually had a tendency to be lower (5.9 ± 1.2 vs. 5.4 ± 0.7 mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1, P > 0.10). Mimicking of the ANG II-induced hyperinsulinemia resulted in an additional increase in glucose uptake. These data imply that ANG II induces insulin resistance by an effect independent of a reduction in interstitial insulin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document