Neuroprotective Effects of Caspase-3 Inhibition on Functional Recovery and Tissue Sparing After Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Spine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (21) ◽  
pp. 2269-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Citron ◽  
Paul M. Arnold ◽  
Neal G. Haynes ◽  
Syed Ameenuddin ◽  
Mohammed Farooque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Tissue Sparing

scholarly journals Sonic Hedgehog modulates the inflammatory response and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury in a thoracic contusion–compression model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Alexander Younsi ◽  
Guoli Zheng ◽  
Mohamed Tail ◽  
Anna-Kathrin Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Purpose The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been associated with a protective role after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). We, therefore, investigated the effects of intrathecal Shh-administration in the subacute phase after thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) on secondary injury processes in rats. Methods Twenty-one Wistar rats were subjected to thoracic clip-contusion/compression SCI at T9. Animals were randomized into three treatment groups (Shh, Vehicle, Sham). Seven days after SCI, osmotic pumps were implanted for seven-day continuous intrathecal administration of Shh. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score, Gridwalk test and bodyweight were weekly assessed. Animals were sacrificed six weeks after SCI and immunohistological analyses were conducted. The results were compared between groups and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results The intrathecal administration of Shh led to significantly increased polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype, significantly decreased T-lymphocytic invasion and significantly reduced resident microglia six weeks after the injury. Reactive astrogliosis was also significantly reduced while changes in size of the posttraumatic cyst as well as the overall macrophagic infiltration, although reduced, remained insignificant. Finally, with the administration of Shh, gain of bodyweight (216.6 ± 3.65 g vs. 230.4 ± 5.477 g; p = 0.0111) and BBB score (8.2 ± 0.2 vs. 5.9 ± 0.7 points; p = 0.0365) were significantly improved compared to untreated animals six weeks after SCI as well. Conclusion Intrathecal Shh-administration showed neuroprotective effects with attenuated neuroinflammation, reduced astrogliosis and improved functional recovery six weeks after severe contusion/compression SCI.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of a ketogenic diet in combination with exogenous ketone salts following acute spinal cord injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Tao Tan ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
AaronJ Moulson ◽  
Xiao-Liang Wu ◽  
Wen-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III to measure functional recovery in a post-acute spinal cord injury program

Spinal Cord ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ackerman ◽  
S A Morrison ◽  
S McDowell ◽  
L Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

Melatonin improves functional recovery in female rats after acute spinal cord injury by modulating polarization of spinal microglial/macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 733-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Zongjian Liu ◽  
Wenxiu Zhang ◽  
Qichao Wu ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yang Liao ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Wang ◽  
Rui Ran ◽  
Kai-Sheng Zhou ◽  
Chun-Wei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that maintains metabolism and homeostasis by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Many studies have reported that autophagy plays an important role in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the spatiotemporal patterns of autophagy activation after traumatic SCI are contradictory. Most studies show that the activation of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis have neuroprotective effects on traumatic SCI. However, reports demonstrate that autophagy is strongly associated with distal neuronal death and the impaired functional recovery following traumatic SCI. This article introduces SCI pathophysiology, the physiology and mechanism of autophagy, and our current review on its role in traumatic SCI. We also discuss the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis and the therapeutic effect of activating or inhibiting autophagy in promoting functional recovery. Thus, we aim to provide a theoretical basis for the biological therapy of SCI.

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