Characteristics and Outcomes OF Acute Otitis Media in Children Carrying Streptococcus Pneumoniae or Haemophilus Influenzae in Their Nasopharynx as a Single Otopathogen After Introduction of the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Caeymaex ◽  
Emmanuelle Varon ◽  
Corinne Levy ◽  
Stéphane Béchet ◽  
Véronique Derkx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Bacterial Spectrum of Acute Otitis Media in Bulgarian Children during the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Lena Setchanova ◽  
Iglika Stancheva ◽  
Diana Popova ◽  
Alexandra Alexandrova ◽  
Ivan Mitov
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Prevalent Pathogen

Abstract Objective The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Bulgaria for universal childhood vaccination in 2010. The objective of this study was to describe bacterial pathogens responsible for acute otitis media (AOM) in children in the era of routine PCV10 immunization. Materials and Methods Middle ear fluid (MEF)/otorrhea or nasopharyngeal specimens were collected between May 2012 and April 2017 from 425 children aged < 12 years diagnosed with AOM; 71.5% of them were vaccinated. Capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and antimicrobial nonsusceptibility were determined. Results Among 240 children with “severe” AOM, the studied specimens were MEF/otorrhea, and a total of 132 (55.0%) children were culture-positive. The most frequently identified bacteria were S. pyоgenes (31.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%), S. pneumoniae (20.4%), and nontypeable H. influenzae (12.1%). Among 185 nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from children at the onset of a “mild” AOM episode, 67.0% were culture-positive for otopathogens. The most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (41.9%), followed by H. influenzae (25.8%), Moraxella catarrhalis (23.4%), and S. pyоgenes (14.5%), alone or in combinations. Among children with pneumococcal AOM (79), PCV10 serotypes (VTs) were 21.5%. A high prevalence (50%) of nonvaccine serotypes 3 (14), 19A (11), and 6C (7) was found among vaccinated children. Rates of nonsusceptibility of S. pneumoniae to penicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin, and of multidrug resistance, were 51.2, 10.1, 51.2, and 51.2, respectively. The rate of ampicillin-non-susceptibility in H. influenzae was 25%. All M. catarrhalis isolates were β-lactamase producers, and 32.2% of S. pyogenes were erythromycin-resistant. Conclusion Following implementation of PCV10, S. pyogenes was the most prevalent pathogen in children with “severe” AOM. Numbers of S. pneumoniae recovered from MEF/otorrhea significantly decreased, as did the overall proportion of VTs among AOM patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis were the most commonly found pathogens in the nasopharynx of children with less severe AOM episodes.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) Protein D, Diphtheria or Tetanus Toxoid Conjugates) in Prevention of Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trixy G. Chu ◽  
Daniel Rafael R. Cachola ◽  
Mary Agnes S. Regal ◽  
Agnes Cecille G. Llamas ◽  
Norberto V. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
P Value ◽  
Monthly Basis

Objective: To compare the incidence of acute otitis media among children aged 2 to 6 months old in Sampaloc, Manila who were previously given 3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) protein D, diphtheria or tetanus toxoid conjugates) and those who did not receive the vaccine, over a period of one year. Methods: Study Design:             Cohort Study Setting:                       Primary Health Center in Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines Participants:              Medical records of well children aged 2 to 6 months were reviewed for inclusion. Participants were categorized into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Both groups underwent baseline history and physical examination including otoscopy and any signs and symptoms of active ear infection were noted.  Subjects were followed up for a period of 1 year on a monthly basis for signs or symptoms of acute otitis media. Results: A total of 176 subjects participated in the study. The overall incidence of AOM among participants was 5.11% (9 out of 176). An AOM incidence of 3.75% (3 out of 80) and 6.25% (6 out of 96) was found among the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively. Fisher’s exact test (one-tailed) p value =.34, relative risk (RR) .6 (95 percent CI 0.155, 2.323). Conclusion: The results of this study showed no difference in the development of AOM in the two groups. However, based on the relative risk, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is still beneficial in preventing AOM in children. Keywords: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; Acute Otitis Media

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