scholarly journals Haemophilus influenzae Prevalence, Proportion of Capsulated Strains and Antibiotic Susceptibility During Colonization and Acute Otitis Media in Children, 2019–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Fuji ◽  
Michael Pichichero ◽  
Ravinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Prevalence Proportion

scholarly journals Otitis media outcomes of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule at 1-2-4-6 months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Jane Leach ◽  
Edward Kim Mulholland ◽  
Mathuram Santosham ◽  
Paul John Torzillo ◽  
Peter McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Link Type

Abstract Background Aboriginal children living in Australian remote communities are at high risk of early and persistent otitis media, hearing loss, and social disadvantage. Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are the primary pathogens. We compared otitis media outcomes in infants randomised to either a combination of Synflorix™ (PHiD-CV10, with protein D of NTHi) and Prevenar13™ (PCV13, with 3, 6A, and 19A), with recommended schedules for each vaccine alone. We previously reported superior broader overall immunogenicity of the combination schedule at 7 months, and early superiority of PHiD-CV10 compared to PCV13 at 4 months. Methods In an open-label superiority trial, we randomised (1:1:1) Aboriginal infants at 28 to 38 days of age, to either Prevenar13™ (P) at 2–4-6 months (_PPP), Synflorix™ (S) at 2–4-6 months (_SSS), or Synflorix™ at 1–2-4 months plus Prevenar13™ at 6 months (SSSP). Ears were assessed using tympanometry at 1 and 2 months, combined with otoscopy at 4, 6, and 7 months. A worst ear diagnosis was made for each child visit according to a severity hierarchy of normal, otitis media with effusion (OME), acute otitis media without perforation (AOMwoP), AOM with perforation (AOMwiP), and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Results Between September 2011 and September 2017, 425 infants were allocated to _PPP(143), _SSS(141) or SSSP(141). Ear assessments were successful in 96% scheduled visits. At 7 months prevalence of any OM was 91, 86, and 90% in the _PPP, _SSS, and SSSP groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in prevalence of any form of otitis media between vaccine groups at any age. Combined group prevalence of any OM was 43, 57, 82, 87, and 89% at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7 months of age, respectively. Of 388 infants with ear assessments at 4, 6 and 7 months, 277 (71.4%) had OM that met criteria for specialist referral; rAOM, pOME, or CSOM. Conclusions Despite superior broader overall immunogenicity of the combination schedule at 7 months, and early superiority of PHiD-CV10 compared to PCV13 at 4 months, there were no significant differences in prevalence of otitis media nor healthy ears throughout the first months of life. Trial registration ACTRN12610000544077 registered 06/07/2010 and ClinicalTrials.govNCT01174849 registered 04/08/2010.

scholarly journals Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Gene Expression Induced In Vivo in a Chinchilla Model of Otitis Media

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3454-3462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Mason ◽  
Robert S. Munson ◽  
Lauren O. Bakaletz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Nthi Strain

ABSTRACT The gram-negative bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant pathogen in chronic otitis media with effusion and, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, is a causative agent of acute otitis media. To identify potential virulence determinants, bacterial gene expression was monitored by differential fluorescence induction during early disease progression in one specific anatomical niche of a chinchilla model of NTHI-induced otitis media. Genomic DNA fragments from NTHI strain 86-028NP were cloned upstream of the promoterless gfpmut3 gene. NTHI strain 86-028NP served as the host for the promoter trap library. Pools of 2,000 transformants were inoculated into the left and right middle ear cavities of chinchillas. Middle ear effusions were recovered by epitympanic tap at 24 and 48 h, and clones containing promoter elements that were induced in vivo and producing green fluorescent protein were isolated by two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Insert DNA was sequenced and compared to the complete genome sequence of H. influenzae strain Rd. In a screen of 16,000 clones, we have isolated 44 clones that contain unique gene fragments encoding biosynthetic enzymes, metabolic and regulatory proteins, and hypothetical proteins of unknown function. An additional eight clones contain gene fragments unique to our NTHI isolate. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we have confirmed that 26 clones demonstrated increased gene expression in vivo relative to expression in vitro. These data provide insight into the response of NTHI bacteria as they sense and respond to the middle ear microenvironment during early events of otitis media.

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