Incidence Rates, Household Infection Risk and Clinical Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults in Utah and New York City, New York

Objectives. Accurate surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) in children is critical because such cases represent recent transmission, but surveillance is difficult as only 10% to 50% of cases are culture-confirmed. Hospital-based sources were used to develop alternative surveillance to assess completeness of reporting for pediatric TB in northern Manhattan and Harlem from 1993 through 1995. Methods. Alternative surveillance sources included ICD-9-CM hospital discharge codes for active TB and gastric aspirate reports. Cases identified by alternative surveillance were compared with cases previously reported to the New York City Department of Health (NYC DOH). Results. Alternative surveillance detected 25 cases of possible pediatric TB, of which four (16%) had never been reported to the NYC DOH and three (12%) had been reported as suspect cases, but had not fulfilled the criteria for a reportable case of pediatric TB. Of these seven newly counted cases, three were detected by ICD-9-CM codes, three by a gastric aspirate log book, and one by both. In contrast, 13 other cases had been reported to the NYC DOH, but were undetected by our alternative surveillance; eight of these could be verified with available medical records. Thus, the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 25 detected and the eight undetected cases with available medical records were evaluated in this study. Conclusions. Alternative surveillance proved effective, was complementary to the NYC DOH surveillance efforts, and increased the number of pediatric TB cases identified during the study period by 21%.

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Coronavirus 2019 and People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Outcomes for Hospitalized Patients in New York City

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 2933-2938 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Keith Sigel ◽

Talia Swartz ◽

Eddye Golden ◽

Ishan Paranjpe ◽

Sulaiman Somani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background There are limited data regarding the clinical impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). In this study, we compared outcomes for PLWH with COVID-19 to a matched comparison group. Methods We identified 88 PLWH hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in our hospital system in New York City between 12 March and 23 April 2020. We collected data on baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory values, HIV status, treatment, and outcomes from this group and matched comparators (1 PLWH to up to 5 patients by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and calendar week of infection). We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes (death, mechanical ventilation, hospital discharge) for these groups, as well as cumulative incidence of death by HIV status. Results Patients did not differ significantly by HIV status by age, sex, or race/ethnicity due to the matching algorithm. PLWH hospitalized with COVID-19 had high proportions of HIV virologic control on antiretroviral therapy. PLWH had greater proportions of smoking (P < .001) and comorbid illness than uninfected comparators. There was no difference in COVID-19 severity on admission by HIV status (P = .15). Poor outcomes for hospitalized PLWH were frequent but similar to proportions in comparators; 18% required mechanical ventilation and 21% died during follow-up (compared with 23% and 20%, respectively). There was similar cumulative incidence of death over time by HIV status (P = .94). Conclusions We found no differences in adverse outcomes associated with HIV infection for hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared with a demographically similar patient group.

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Changing Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis among HIV‐Infected Patients, New York City, 1992–2005

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/652654 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1524-1531 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tiffany G. Harris ◽

Jiehui Li ◽

David B. Hanna ◽

Sonal S. Munsiff

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Clinical Characteristics

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Temporal Trends in Tuberculosis Hospitalization Rates Before and After Implementation of Directly Observed Therapy: New York City, 1988–1995

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/502039 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 221-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mary Beth Terry ◽

Moïse Desvarieux ◽

Margaret Short

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Directly Observed Therapy ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Widespread Implementation ◽

Before And After

AbstractNew York City hospitalization rates were analyzed to investigate whether tuberculosis (TB) hospitalizations declined after implementation of directly observed therapy QOOT) for TB. TB hospitalization rates mirrored incidence rates in pattern but not in magnitude. Rates have declined significantly following widespread implementation of DOT in 1993.

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Speeding and Traffic-Related Injuries and Fatalities during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic: The Cases of Seattle and New York City

10.1101/2021.08.08.21261745 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haifeng Liao ◽

Michael Lowry

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Travel Demand ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Police Data ◽

Traffic Volumes

Despite fewer cars on roads during the COVID-19 pandemic, deaths associated with motor vehicle collisions in New York City and Seattle remained largely unchanged in 2020. Using police data on weekly counts of collisions, we compared trends in 2020 with those of 2019, while controlling for the reduction of traffic volumes and seasonal weather conditions. Results of difference-in-differences estimation suggest that during the early months of the pandemic, or March-May, the incidence rates of severe or fatal injury crashes related to speeding increased by nearly 8 times in Seattle and more than 4 times in New York City. In the rest of 2020, they were still significantly higher than what would be expected in the absence of the pandemic. This research suggests that in similar situations that depress travel demand (e.g., another pandemic), policymakers should formulate plans to reduce speeding which may prevent an upswing in severe injuries and fatalities.

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Resident physician exposure to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2) within New York City during exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: Report of the New York City Residency Program Directors COVID-19 Research Group

10.1101/2020.04.23.20074310 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mark P. Breazzano ◽

Junchao Shen ◽

Aliaa H. Abdelhakim ◽

Lora R. Dagi Glass ◽

Jason D. Horowitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Residency Program ◽

York City ◽

Program Directors ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Residency Programs ◽

Resident Physicians ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Residency Program Directors

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrom March 2-April 12, 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced exponential growth of the COVID-19 pandemic due to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Little is known regarding how physicians have been affected. We aimed to characterize COVID-19 impact on NYC resident physicians.MethodsIRB-exempt and expedited cross-sectional analysis through survey to NYC residency program directors (PDs) April 3–12, 2020, encompassing events from March 2–April 12, 2020.FindingsFrom an estimated 340 residency programs around NYC, recruitment yielded 91 responses, representing 24 specialties and 2,306 residents. 45.1% of programs reported at least one resident with confirmed COVID-19: 101 resident physicians were confirmed COVID-19-positive, with additional 163 residents presumed positive for COVID-19 based on symptoms but awaiting or unable to obtain testing. 56.5% of programs had a resident waiting for, or unable to obtain, COVID-19 testing. Two COVID-19-positive residents were hospitalized, with one in intensive care. Among specialties with >100 residents represented, negative binomial regression indicated that infection risk differed by specialty (p=0.039). Although most programs (80%) reported quarantining a resident, with 16.8% of residents experiencing quarantine, 14.9% of COVID-19-positive residents were not quarantined. 90 programs, encompassing 99.2% of the resident physicians, reported reuse or extended mask use, and 43 programs, encompassing 60.4% of residents, felt that personal protective equipment (PPE) was suboptimal. 65 programs (74.7%) have redeployed residents elsewhere to support COVID-19 efforts.InterpretationMany resident physicians around NYC have been affected by COVID-19 through direct infection, quarantine, or redeployment. Lack of access to testing and concern regarding suboptimal PPE are common among residency programs. Infection risk may differ by specialty.FundingAHA, MPB, RWSC, CGM, LRDG, JDH are supported by NEI Core Grant P30EY019007 and an unrestricted grant from RPB. ACP and JS are supported by the Parker Family Chair. SXX is supported by the University of Pennsylvania.

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