Community multiculturalism and immigrant crime

There is considerable international and local-level variation in immigrant crime. In this article, we propose a theoretical model to better understand that contextual variation. Furthermore, we present the results of our first attempts to empirically assess the validity of the framework, focussing on local-level variation in crime among residents of Turkish or Moroccan origin in the Netherlands. The proposed model connects Berry's acculturation theory to criminological theories, using relevant findings from the immigration acculturation literature as starting points. It theorises that host societies with a ‘multicultural acculturation orientation’ tend to reduce immigrant crime by fostering informal social control and attenuating criminogenic strains. The empirical analyses explore whether local-level variation in multicultural attitudes among the native-Dutch indeed predicts municipal variation in the number of registered suspected crimes among first- and second-generation immigrants, focussing on men of Turkish or Moroccan origin residing in 35 Dutch cities. The empirical analyses are based on a unique database that combines aggregated survey data, which were used to measure natives’ acculturation attitudes, with administrative microdata, including micro-level police data. Evidence is found for a protective effect of local-level multiculturalism for first-generation immigrant crime in particular, especially for immigrant men living in larger local immigrant communities. We also find stronger effects for the more cohesive and societally accepted Turkish-Dutch group than for the more fragmented and excluded Moroccan-Dutch.

Akuntabilitas Layanan Surat Izin Mengemudi Keliling di Jawa Tengah

This study aims to analyze the accountability of mobile driving license (SIM) services. Service accountability is the accountability of public service providers to the community for every decision and action. Instead, accountability is a motivation for all stakeholders to be responsible for the services provided to realize good governance. This research has a qualitative-descriptive approach with the research location in the working area of the Central Java Regional Police. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, field observations and documentation. The results showed that the performance of the Ditlantas Polda Central Java was not optimal. This is indicated by the discrepancy between the mobile SIM service product and the number of owners of passenger cars and motorcycles. This condition is influenced by the quantity and quality of human resources/employees, the lack of collaboration with other parties and the low level of socialization to the community. The mobile SIM service facility is also the cause of the low performance of the Central Java Police Ditlantas. The car as a service key facility is not adequate. On the other hand, offline mobile SIM services are still found in the Central Java region. This service is not integrated, thus reducing the quality of mobile SIM services, especially for immigrants who are not from other regions. The conclusion is that the accountability of the Central Java Police Ditlantas regarding mobile SIM services is still relatively low. So that to increase the accountability of the Central Java Police Ditlantas, they must carry out an evaluation to rearrange plans and concepts, build collaboration and increase socialization related to mobile SIM services.

Online child sexual exploitation material: A comparison from police data on men charged with child sexual exploitation material exclusively and men charged with contact child sexual abuse exclusively

We do not know whether men who access Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) are contact child-sex offenders using technology - or a new and different type of child sex offender. This study compares men who were charged with Contact Child Sexual Abuse (CCSA) (n = 95) exclusively, and men who were charged with offences involving online CSEM (n = 99) exclusively. This is the first study of its kind in Australia, the first to divide participants into mutually exclusive offending type groups and to do this using police data. Logistic regression results indicated that CSEM offenders were significantly more likely to be older, more likely to be employed, have fewer criminal charges and supervision violations compared to CCSA offenders. The findings further highlighted the heterogeneity of those charged with child sexual offences based on offence typology. The identification of demographic, lifestyle and interpersonal characteristic differences between online CSEM and CCSA offenders’ questions the use of uniform approaches to community supervision and treatment protocols. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of an increased volume of people charged with CSEM offences.

A multicity investigation on Fear of Crime

Fear of crime is a complex phenomenon, often not connected to the crime itself. It is sometimes influenced by other environmental factors, thus creating fear in the population. We examined fears of crime and their causes in seven different cities and municipalities in the present study. The primary data collection was an online questionnaire, which were then processed with various GIS software (ArcGIS, GeoDa). We then processed police statistics related to registered crimes committed. Finally, we compared questionnaires and police data using basic statistical methods.

Sanksi Hukum terhadap Anggota Polisi yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan

The police are essentially government institutions and functions that are engaged in maintaining public security and order. The number of temptations causes the police to commit violations or criminal acts. This study aims to understand the legal arrangements against police officers who commit crimes and examine legal sanctions and legal rules that regulate problems in legal arrangements against police officers who commit criminal acts and forms of legal sanctions against the crime of murder. The research method uses normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Sources of legal materials consist of primary legal materials and secondary data. Data collection is done by reading the law on the police. Data analysis was carried out by case studies namely; the legal materials obtained in the research were processed and analyzed, and presented in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results of the study indicated that legal arrangements for police officers who commit murder crimes, where violations of the code of ethics have consequences, will be tried by the commission of the professional code of ethics. The legal sanction is that a police officer who commits a crime will be processed through a general court trial, undergo sanctions, and undergo a code of ethics trial with dishonorable dismissal. The imposition of disciplinary sanctions is decided in a disciplinary hearing for members of the police who violate police discipline and code of ethics

Peranan Kepolisian Resor Tebing Tinggi Dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Ujaran Kebencian Di Media Sosial

The presence of such sophisticated information technology has given a new nuance by touching almost all aspects of life. Technology has made it easy for people to carry out daily activities to meet their needs, as well as facilitate interaction between human beings wherever they are. This research is a normative juridical research that uses a literature study and field study approach. The data collection tool used in this study used the interview method. Interviews were conducted on informants or investigators at the Tebing Tinggi Resort Police. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the role of the police in law enforcement against hate speech crimes on social media as regulated in Law no. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) and Law no. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. The role of the police includes receiving reports or complaints about the occurrence of an event that is reasonably suspected of being a criminal act; it is obliged to immediately carry out the necessary investigative actions; As an investigator who knows, receives a report or complaint about the occurrence of an event that is reasonably suspected to be a criminal act, he is obliged to immediately carry out the necessary investigative actions and find and collect evidence so that the case becomes clear so that the suspect can be found.

Pedestrian mortality in Russia: a continuous decline over the last 25 years?

Using different data sources (HCoD, IRTAD, UNECE statistical database, police data), our research shows that the significant excess of pedestrian mortality over motor vehicle occupant mortality in 1988-1999 in Russia, according to RusFMD, is an abnormal phenomenon that most likely never occurred. Police data is preferable for assessing mortality levels by road user types in Russia. According to Russian police data, pedestrian mortality never exceeded motor vehicle occupant mortality. The steady decline of pedestrian mortality began in 2003, not in 1993, as vital statistics show. In 2008, pedestrian mortality for the first time reached the minimum level of the Soviet period. After significant fluctuations, motor vehicle occupant mortality dropped to the level of the early 1970s only in 2015-2017. The use of vital statistics is possible if it is necessary to differentiate road traffic mortality by sex, age, and type of settlements. Categorisation by road user types should be done with caution, using the following data sources: HCoD data from 1988 and RusFMD data from 1970 to 1988 and after 1999. It is suggested that difficulties in analysing long-term mortality by road user types based on vital statistics may occur in post-Soviet countries, where the Soviet abridged classification of causes of death (SC) was used. The prevalence of deaths coded by unspecified V-codes (V89) should also be considered.