Efficacy and safety of programmed cell-death-protein-1 and its ligand inhibitors in pretreated patients with epidermal growth-factor receptor-mutated or anaplastic lymphoma kinase-translocated lung adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Companion biomarkers are biomarkers that are used in combination with specific therapies and that prospectively help predict likely response or severe toxicity. In this article we review the role of companion biomarkers in guiding treatment in patients with cancer. CONTENT In addition to the established companion biomarkers such as estrogen receptors and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) in breast cancer, several new companion biomarkers have become available in recent years. These include v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations for the selection of patients with advanced colorectal cancer who are unlikely to benefit from anti–epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations for selecting patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib or erlotinib), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) mutations for selecting patients with advanced melanoma for treatment with anti-BRAF agents (vemurafenib and dabrafenib), and anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) translocations for identifying patients with NSCLC likely to benefit from crizotinib. SUMMARY The availability of companion biomarkers should improve drug efficacy, decrease toxicity, and lead to a more individualized approach to cancer treatment.

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Vaccinia-induced epidermal growth factor receptor-MEK signalling and the anti-apoptotic protein F1L synergize to suppress cell death during infection

Cellular Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01327.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1208-1218 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Antonio Postigo ◽

Morag C. Martin ◽

Mark P. Dodding ◽

Michael Way

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Apoptotic Protein ◽

Epidermal Growth

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Frequency of EGFR Mutation and EML4-ALK fusion gene in Arab Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

Forum of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1515/fco-2015-0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Hanan Ezzat Shafik ◽

Mohamed Ashour

Keyword(s):

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Egfr Mutation ◽

Fusion Gene ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Egfr Mutations ◽

Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽

Epidermal Growth

Abstract Introduction: Improvement in the clinical outcome of lung cancer is likely to be achieved by identification of the molecular events that underlie its pathogenesis. The frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is ethnicity-dependent, with a higher proportion in Asian populations than in whites, while the incidence of EML4-ALK (echinoderm microtubule-associated-protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase) fusion gene ranged from 1.6% to 16.4% in patients with NSCLC and these individuals were distinct from those harbouring mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of EGFR mutation and EML4-ALK fusion gene in our population and to determine the effect of different clinicopathological features on the expression of those mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in approximately 33% of our patients in this series; the most frequently detected mutation was exon 19 deletion. EML4-ALK fusion gene was detected in 7.3% of patients. Conclusion: Our population exhibited the incidence of EGFR mutation approximately similar to that reported in East Asia and Japanese patients, higher than that recorded in USA, and Australia. However, more studies with larger patients’ numbers are needed to verify this finding.

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