Plasma metabolites were associated with spatial working memory in major depressive disorder

Abstract Background Cognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals. Methods We collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time. Results The depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity. Conclusion We identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.

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Emotional working memory in patients with major depressive disorder

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518758225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1734-1746 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mi Li ◽

Lei Feng ◽

Xingwang Liu ◽

Ming Zhang ◽

Bingbing Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Response Time ◽

Memory Effect ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Emotional Pictures ◽

Mood Congruent Memory

Objective This study was performed to examine the working memory (WM) encoding and retrieval abilities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and determine whether a mood-congruent memory effect is present. Methods The modified Sternberg WM paradigm with positive, negative, and neutral emotional pictures was used to investigate the WM abilities of 26 patients with MDD and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Results No significant difference in picture WM was found between the MDD and HC groups; however, the accuracy of picture position WM was significantly lower and the response time was significantly longer in the MDD than HC group, regardless of the picture or position WM. Additionally, in the MDD group, the accuracy of negative picture/position WM was significantly higher than that of positive picture/position WM. Conclusions These results suggest that in patients with MDD, spatial WM impairment was more severe than object WM. In addition, these patients’ WM retrieval was impaired, resulting in a decrease in WM retrieval ability, which may be an important cause of the slow thought in patients with MDD. Moreover, patients with depression have a mood-congruent memory effect, which may be an important factor in the occurrence and maintenance of depression.

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Prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory task in untreated individuals with major depressive disorder

Molecular Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/sj.mp.4001894 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 158-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

K Matsuo ◽

D C Glahn ◽

M A M Peluso ◽

J P Hatch ◽

E S Monkul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Memory Task ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Untreated Individuals

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A-087 Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Neurocognitive Implications of Major Depressive Disorder Among People Living with HIV

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 880-880

Author(s):

Fidaleo K ◽

Byrd D ◽

Rivera Mindt M ◽

Aghvinian M ◽

Savin M ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Working Memory ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Urine Toxicology ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Objective While low socioeconomic status (SES) and major depression are highly co-occurring among people living with HIV (PLWH), there is a paucity of literature examining how these factors may influence neurocognition. Thus, this study aimed to identify the interactive effects of SES and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) within a diverse sample of PLWH. Method A sample of 119 PLWH (47 with lifetime MDD, 72 without MDD) underwent a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, neuromedical examination, psychiatric/substance use evaluations, and urine toxicology. The Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status served as a proxy for SES. A lifetime MDD diagnosis was determined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. After adjusting for covariates (i.e., illicit opiate positive urine toxicology), a series of least squares regression analyses tested the interactive effects of SES and MDD upon seven demographically-adjusted neurocognitive domain T-scores. Results The interactive effects of SES and MDD were significantly associated with the domain of attention/working memory (F(4, 109) = 4.34, p = .003, R2 = .14), such that PLWH and lifetime MDD performed better as SES increased (β = .38, SE = .12, p = .002). SES did not influence performance in attention/working memory among those without MDD. Significant interactive effects were not observed in other domains. Conclusions Those with higher SES and lifetime MDD performed better across tests of attention/working memory, suggesting heightened access to various resources associated with higher SES could be providing neurocognitive benefits to PLWH and MDD. Future directions should examine this interaction longitudinally and evaluate differences in the severity/duration of MDD.

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