scholarly journals Detection and perception of generic host volatiles by mosquitoes modulate host preference: context dependence of ( R )-1-octen-3-ol

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Majeed ◽  
Sharon Rose Hill ◽  
Göran Birgersson ◽  
Rickard Ignell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Natural Range

Natural selection favours a restricted host breadth in disease vector mosquitoes, indicating that there is an adaptive value associated with maintaining plasticity in host preference. One mechanism to maintain such plasticity is via the detection of generic cues by conserved peripheral olfactory pathways, which when perceived in different host odour contexts enable the identification of and discrimination among potential host species. Here, we show that the context of an odour cue shapes host perception in mosquitoes, by altering the release rate of the generic host-related volatile ( R )-1-octen-3-ol, within its natural range, and in the background odour of known hosts and non-hosts. This result highlights that host recognition is contextual and dependent on quantitative and qualitative differences in odour blends and the olfactory codes evoked. From the perspective of vector management, understanding the perception of odour blends and their context is essential to the process of developing synthetic blends for the optimal attraction of mosquitoes in efforts to control and monitor populations.

scholarly journals Correlation of Haplotypes of a Fungal Plant Pathogen with their Respective Host Species of Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 936-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Garr ◽  
Carolyn Hughes ◽  
Jacqueline Welch ◽  
Scott A. Brown ◽  
Michael H. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Wobble Position ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
Respective Host

The anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, infects over 200 species of Caryophyllaceae (Pinks). However, limited published studies, as well as anecdotal evidence, suggest that each isolate of the fungus is restricted to one or a few species that it can productively infect. In the absence of physical differences, it would be useful to have molecular markers to identify individuals with specific host ranges prior to genetic analyses of host preference. With this purpose in mind, 17 isolates from eight different host species were characterized for differences in their respective γ-tubulin genes. The region of the gene including the sixth and seventh introns and some surrounding coding regions was amplified and sequenced and the results were analyzed phylogenetically. Despite the small sample size and the geographical distribution of their respective host plants, isolates from the same host species showed no differences in the DNA regions examined; isolates of closely related pathovars also grouped together. In contrast, relative to the corresponding regions from other pathovars, isolates from host species that were genetically or taxonomically more distant showed a marked number of differences in both introns and in the third (wobble) position of codons in the seventh exon. Thus, DNA sequence differences in this highly conserved gene may be used to distinguish isolates from different host species. Such information may prove useful as markers for the different formae speciales in future analyses of host preference.

scholarly journals Expression Profiles and Binding Properties of the Chemosensory Protein PxylCSP11 from the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhui Fu ◽  
Fangyuan Li ◽  
Xizhong Yan ◽  
Chi Hao
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Abstract The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most destructive pests to cruciferous plants worldwide. The oligophagous moth primarily utilizes its host volatiles for foraging and oviposition. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are soluble carrier proteins with low molecular weight, which recognize and transport various semiochemicals in insect chemoreception. At present, there is limited information on the recognition of host volatiles by CSPs of P. xylostella. Here, we investigated expression patterns and binding characteristics of PxylCSP11 in P. xylostella. The open reading frame of PxylCSP11 was 369-bp encoding 122 amino acids. PxylCSP11 possessed four conserved cysteines, which was consistent with the typical characteristic of CSPs. PxylCSP11 was highly expressed in antennae, and the expression level of PxylCSP11 in male antennae was higher than that in female antennae. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that PxylCSP11 had strong binding abilities to several ligands, including volatiles of cruciferous plants, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), a major sex pheromone of P. xylostella. Our results suggest that PxylCSP11 may play an important role in host recognition and spouse location in P. xylostella.

scholarly journals Optimal control for disease vector management in SIT models: an integrodifference equation approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1821-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klodeta Kura ◽  
Doran Khamis ◽  
Claire El Mouden ◽  
Michael B. Bonsall
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Equation Approach ◽  
Integrodifference Equation ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Vector Management

Host preference of a temperate mistletoe: Disproportional infection on three co-occurring host species influenced by differential success

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA B. LEMAITRE ◽  
ALEJANDRA J. TRONCOSO ◽  
HERMANN M. NIEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Host Preference

scholarly journals Evolution of host range in Coleosporium ipomoeae, a plant pathogen with multiple hosts

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (19) ◽  
pp. 5346-5351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Chappell ◽  
Mark D. Rausher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Community Evolution ◽  
Selection For

Plants and their pathogens coevolve locally. Previous investigations of one host–one pathogen systems have demonstrated that natural selection favors pathogen genotypes that are virulent on a broad range of host genotypes. In the present study, we examine a system consisting of one pathogen species that infects three host species in the morning glory genus Ipomoea. We show that many pathogen genotypes can infect two or three of the host species when tested on plants from nonlocal communities. By contrast, pathogen genotypes are highly host-specific, infecting only one host species, when tested on host species from the local community. This pattern indicates that within-community evolution narrows the host breadth of pathogen genotypes. Possible evolutionary mechanisms include direct selection for narrow host breadth due to costs of virulence and evolution of ipomoea resistance in the host species.

scholarly journals Effect of species environment on host preference of Cuscuta campestris

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornél Baráth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
The World

AbstractCuscuta campestris is one of the most widespread and most harmful parasitic plants in the world. It regularly infests economically important crops substantially reducing their yield. Its host preference has been frequently investigated in natural habitats, but studies have usually been performed at only one site. In this study, I tested the hypothesis that host-preference studies performed at a single site provide information only about local individuals of the host species and not about the species of hosts in general. The preferential status of host species was investigated in different geographical regions, in different species environments. Altogether 1847 relationships between parasite and plant species were examined and categorized at 171 places in Hungary. The used method took into account the frequency and intensity of infestations on the hosts, the proportion of resource use and availability, the resource distribution as well as the defence mechanisms of the hosts. The frequency and intensity of infestations greatly varied amongst the 174 detected host species. The results confirmed that frequently parasitized hosts of C. campestris are not necessarily preferred. Most host species have infestations of varying intensity in different species environments. Poaceae species were found to differ from each other in the extent to which they support the parasite’s growth. The study revealed also that C. campestris does not always develop haustoria on individuals of those species, which are unable to contribute significantly to its growth.

scholarly journals A near-chromosome level genome assembly of Anopheles stephensi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afiya Razia Chida ◽  
Samathmika Ravi ◽  
Suvratha Jayaprasad ◽  
Kiran Paul ◽  
Jaysmita Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Indian Strain ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Chromosome Level

AbstractMalaria remains a major healthcare risk to growing economies like India and a chromosome-level reference genome of Anopheles stephensi is critical for successful vector management and an understanding of vector evolution. We report a chromosome-level assembly of an Indian strain from draft genomes of two strains using a homology-based iterative approach. The resulting assembly with an L50 of 9 had long enough scaffolds for building 90% of the three chromosomes using physical markers. The sequencing of individuals reveals a genetic diversity ten times higher than what is reported. Based on the developmental transcriptome and orthology of the 54 olfactory receptors (ORs) to those of other Anopheles species, we identify olfactory receptors with the potential for host recognition in the genus Anopheles. A comparative analysis of the genomes suggests limited inter-chromosomal gene flow and chromosomal arm switching with a potential role in adaptive radiation within the genus Anopheles.

scholarly journals Eco-bio-social research on community-based approaches for Chagas disease vector control in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo E. Gürtler ◽  
Zaida E. Yadon
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
Vector Management

Abstract This article provides an overview of three research projects which designed and implemented innovative interventions for Chagas disease vector control in Bolivia, Guatemala and Mexico. The research initiative was based on sound principles of community-based ecosystem management (ecohealth), integrated vector management, and interdisciplinary analysis. The initial situational analysis achieved a better understanding of ecological, biological and social determinants of domestic infestation. The key factors identified included: housing quality; type of peridomestic habitats; presence and abundance of domestic dogs, chickens and synanthropic rodents; proximity to public lights; location in the periphery of the village. In Bolivia, plastering of mud walls with appropriate local materials and regular cleaning of beds and of clothes next to the walls, substantially decreased domestic infestation and abundance of the insect vector Triatoma infestans. The Guatemalan project revealed close links between house infestation by rodents and Triatoma dimidiata, and vector infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. A novel community-operated rodent control program significantly reduced rodent infestation and bug infection. In Mexico, large-scale implementation of window screens translated into promising reductions in domestic infestation. A multi-pronged approach including community mobilisation and empowerment, intersectoral cooperation and adhesion to integrated vector management principles may be the key to sustainable vector and disease control in the affected regions.

scholarly journals Learning influences host choice in tsetse

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Bouyer ◽  
Mathieu Pruvot ◽  
Zacharia Bengaly ◽  
Patrick M Guerin ◽  
Renaud Lancelot
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Cyclic Vectors

A learning capacity for feeding is described in many insect species including vectors of diseases, but has never been reported in tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae), the cyclic vectors of human (sleeping sickness) and animal trypanosomoses in Africa. Repeated feeding on the same host species by a disease vector is likely to increase the within-species disease-transmission risk, but to decrease it between species. An experiment with cattle and reptiles in a stable provides evidence that the species of host selected for the second blood meal in tsetse flies depends on the host encountered for the first blood meal when the between-meal interval is 2 days. This preference disappears when the between-meal interval is extended to 3 days. The energetic advantages of this acquired preference and its importance in trypanosomoses epidemiology are discussed.

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