Theory of electric charge

1. In two earlier papers I have partially developed a theory of the fine structure constant hc /2π e 2 as arising from the interchangeability of electrons. This theory is, I think, completed in the present paper. It is agreed that two electrons are indistinguishable and that statistical formulæ must be modified to take account of their interchangeability; but owing to the fact that interchangeability is not easily expressible in terms of continuous analysis , its consequences have not hitherto been fully traced. This investigation aims at filling the gap. Thus I am not concerned to invent new hypotheses but to work out the consequences of an old one. Wave mechanics has been successful in replacing “jumps” by continuous analysis, and there seems no reason why it should not prove equally successful with the jump of interchange. Proceeding in this way I find that interchangeability reduces to a term in the wave equation which can be identified with the term ordinarily attributed to the electrostatic and electromagnetic energy of the two charges; and that the coefficient of this term, ordinarily called the fine structure constant, is the integer 137.

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Electric Charge and Its Field as Deformed Space

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v11n4p29 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Shlomo Barak

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Electric Charge ◽

Structure Constant ◽

Electromagnetic Theory ◽

The Other ◽

Fine Structure Constant ◽

Electric Charge Density ◽

Electron Positron ◽

Simple Equations ◽

First Time

The essence of electric charge has been a mystery. So far, no theory has been able to derive the attributes of electric charge, which are: bivalency, stability, quantization, equality of the absolute values of the bivalent charges, the electric field it creates and the radii of the bivalent charges. Our model of the electric charge and its field (this paper) enables us (in additional papers), for the first time, to derive simple equations for the radii and masses of the electron/positron muon/anti-muon and quarks/anti-quarks. These equations contain only the constants G, c, ℏ  and α (the fine structure constant). The calculated results based on these equations comply accurately with the experimental results. In this paper, which serves as a basis for the other papers, we define electric charge density, based on space density. This definition alone, without any phenomenology, yields the theory of Electrostatics. Electrostatics together with Lorentz Transformation is known to yield the entire Maxwell Electromagnetic theory.

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The quantum theory of the neutron

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

10.1098/rspa.1934.0101 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 145 (854) ◽

pp. 344-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Wave Equation ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Quantum Theory ◽

Hydrogen Atom ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Structure Constant ◽

Wave Functions ◽

Fine Structure Constant ◽

Second Order Wave Equation ◽

Plausible Theory

The object of this paper is to show that a plausible theory of the neutron can be developed from Dirac's wave equation without the use of any ad hoc assumptions. It is shown that the second order wave equation of the hydrogen atom, which exhibits the relativistic and spin corrections, possesses two sets of solutions "H" and "N" distinguished by their behaviour as r →0 ( r being the distance of the electron from the proton). The H-solutions are the accepted wave functions of the hydrogen atom. As r →0 these solutions tend to zero if the serial quantum number l differs from zero, and they become infinite of order r [(1 - a 2 ) 1/2 - 1] if l = 0 (α is the fine structure constant).

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New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12030344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 344

Author(s):

T. D. Le

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Structure Constant ◽

Space Time ◽

Fine Structure Constant ◽

Electron Mass ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Quasar Spectra ◽

Time Variations ◽

Using Data ◽

The Universe

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α , and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = m p / m e , are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆ μ / μ = ( 0.096 ± 0.182 ) × 10 − 7 . The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.

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Measurement of the running of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921802012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 02012

Author(s):

Graziano Venanzoni

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Energy Region ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Branching Ratio ◽

Structure Constant ◽

Fine Structure Constant ◽

Recent Measurement ◽

Single Measurement ◽

Lepton Universality ◽

Hadronic Contribution

I will report on the recent measurement of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector. It represents the first measurement of the running of α(s) in this energy region. Our results show a more than 5σ significance of the hadronic contribution to the running of α(s), which is the strongest direct evidence both in time-and space-like regions achieved in a single measurement. From a fit of the real part of Δα(s) and assuming the lepton universality the branching ratio BR(ω → µ+µ−) = (6.6 ± 1.4stat ± 1.7syst) · 10−5 has been determined

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