scholarly journals Electric Charge and Its Field as Deformed Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Shlomo Barak
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electric Charge Density ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
First Time

The essence of electric charge has been a mystery. So far, no theory has been able to derive the attributes of electric charge, which are: bivalency, stability, quantization, equality of the absolute values of the bivalent charges, the electric field it creates and the radii of the bivalent charges. Our model of the electric charge and its field (this paper) enables us (in additional papers), for the first time, to derive simple equations for the radii and masses of the electron/positron muon/anti-muon and quarks/anti-quarks. These equations contain only the constants G, c, ℏ  and α (the fine structure constant). The calculated results based on these equations comply accurately with the experimental results. In this paper, which serves as a basis for the other papers, we define electric charge density, based on space density. This definition alone, without any phenomenology, yields the theory of Electrostatics. Electrostatics together with Lorentz Transformation is known to yield the entire Maxwell Electromagnetic theory.

scholarly journals On a Possible Logarithmic Connection between Einstein’s Constant and the Fine-Structure Constant, in Relation to a Zero-energy Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Andrei-Lucian Drăgoi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
W Boson ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Logarithmic Connection

This paper brings into attention a possible logarithmic connection between Einstein’s constant and the fine-structure constant, based on a hypothetical electro-gravitational resistivity of vacuum: we also propose a zero-energy hypothesis (ZEH) which is essentially a conservation principle applied on zero-energy that mainly states a general quadratic equation having a pair of conjugate mass solutions for each set of coefficients, thus predicting a new type of mass “symmetry” called here “mass conjugation” between elementary particles (EPs) which predicts the zero/non-zero rest masses of all known/unknown EPs to be conjugated in boson-fermion pairs; ZEH proposes a general formula for all the rest masses of all EPs from Standard model, also indicating a possible bijective connection between the three types of neutrinos and the massless bosons (photon, gluon and the hypothetical graviton), between the electron/positron and the W boson and predicting two distinct types of neutral massless fermions (modelled as conjugates of the Higgs boson and Z boson respectively) which are plausible candidates for dark energy and dark matter. ZEH also offers a new interpretation of Planck length as the approximate length threshold above which the rest masses of all known elementary particles have real number values (with mass units) instead of complex/imaginary number values (as predicted by the unique quadratic equation proposed by ZEH).

scholarly journals The Resonant Effect of an Annihilation Channel in the Interaction of the Ultrarelativistic Electron and Positron in the Field of an X-ray Pulsar

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Doroshenko ◽  
Sergei P. Roshchupkin ◽  
Victor V. Dubov
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
External Field ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Resonant Effect ◽  
Electron Positron Pair

We investigated the effects that occur during the circulation of ultrarelativistic electrons and positrons in the field of an X-ray pulsar. A resonant process in annihilation and the subsequent production of the electron–positron pairs were studied theoretically. Under the resonance, the second-order process in an original fine-structure constant process effectively decays to two first order processes of the fine-structure constant: single-photon annihilation of the electron–positron pair stimulated by the external field, and the Breit–Wheeler process (single-photon birth of the electron–positron pair) stimulated by the external field. We show that resonance has a threshold energy for a certain combinational energy of the initial electron and positron. Furthermore, there is a definite small angle between initial ultrarelativistic particles’ momenta, in which resonance takes place. Initial and final electron–positron pairs fly in a narrow cone. We noticed that electron (positron) emission angle defines the energy of the final pair. We show that the resonant cross-section in the field of the X-ray pulsar may significantly exceed the corresponding cross-section without the field (Bhabha cross-section).

scholarly journals Theory of electric charge

1932 ◽  
Vol 138 (834) ◽  
pp. 17-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equation ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Continuous Analysis

1. In two earlier papers I have partially developed a theory of the fine structure constant hc /2π e 2 as arising from the interchangeability of electrons. This theory is, I think, completed in the present paper. It is agreed that two electrons are indistinguishable and that statistical formulæ must be modified to take account of their interchangeability; but owing to the fact that interchangeability is not easily expressible in terms of continuous analysis , its consequences have not hitherto been fully traced. This investigation aims at filling the gap. Thus I am not concerned to invent new hypotheses but to work out the consequences of an old one. Wave mechanics has been successful in replacing “jumps” by continuous analysis, and there seems no reason why it should not prove equally successful with the jump of interchange. Proceeding in this way I find that interchangeability reduces to a term in the wave equation which can be identified with the term ordinarily attributed to the electrostatic and electromagnetic energy of the two charges; and that the coefficient of this term, ordinarily called the fine structure constant, is the integer 137.

scholarly journals The The Fine Structure Constant and Radiative Corrections for the Electron and Positron Cores as Viewed in the Planck Vacuum Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-537
Author(s):  
William C. Daywitt
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Radiative Corrections ◽  
Spin Coefficient ◽  
Will Emit ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Core Spin ◽  
Vacuum Theory

The present paper derives the radiative corrections for the electron and positron cores in the Planck vacuum theory, leading to the electron and position particles in a 7-dimension spacetime. The physical meaning of the fine structure constant is twofold: it is the ratio of the electron spin coefficient to the electron-core spin coefficient; and it is the probability that an electron or positron will emit or absorb a photon. The nature of this photon defines the spin quanta in the PV theory. Results suggest that the Feynman and Schwinger QED calculations refer to the PV state. Finally, the closed-loop electron-positron pairs in the Feynman diagrams are explained.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 1751-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHER PERES
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Constant E

Are universal fundamental constants really constant over cosmological times? Recent observations of the fine structure of spectral lines in the early universe have been interpreted as due to a variation of the fine structure constant e2/4πε0ℏc. From the assumed validity of Maxwell equations in general relativity and well known experimental facts, it is proved that e and ℏ are absolute constants. On the other hand, the speed of light need not be constant.

scholarly journals New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
T. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Quasar Spectra ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Universe

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α , and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = m p / m e , are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆ μ / μ = ( 0.096 ± 0.182 ) × 10 − 7 . The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.

scholarly journals Measurement of the running of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Graziano Venanzoni
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Recent Measurement ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Lepton Universality ◽  
Hadronic Contribution

I will report on the recent measurement of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector. It represents the first measurement of the running of α(s) in this energy region. Our results show a more than 5σ significance of the hadronic contribution to the running of α(s), which is the strongest direct evidence both in time-and space-like regions achieved in a single measurement. From a fit of the real part of Δα(s) and assuming the lepton universality the branching ratio BR(ω → µ+µ−) = (6.6 ± 1.4stat ± 1.7syst) · 10−5 has been determined

scholarly journals Fine structure constant and the CMB damping scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Menegoni ◽  
Maria Archidiacono ◽  
Erminia Calabrese ◽  
Silvia Galli ◽  
C. J. A. P. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant
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