Physics in a university laboratory before and after World War II

1975 ◽  
Vol 342 (1631) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Many ◽  
Available Information ◽  
University Laboratory

I started research in the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge in 1924, exactly fifty years ago, and I remained a member of the Laboratory until 1960. During that time I spent 15 years before the war, and 15 years after, as a research worker, and during the war I was a member of a government research and development establishment. I shall attempt to compare the methods of working in the Laboratory in the periods before and after the war. The comparison will be based partly on available information about expenditure and number of staff, and partly on personal experience. I shall try to relate differences in the two periods to the experiences of those, like myself, who worked elsewhere during the war, and I shall try to make allowance for changes in the seniority of my position in the Laboratory. Of course I realise that I can speak of only one university physics laboratory out of the many in the country, but I am hopeful that what happened there may not differ too much from what happened elsewhere. It has not been easy to get the appropriate statistical information for the years before 1960. One reason is that the laboratory did not keep detailed records; I shall return to discuss that situation later. Another reason is that it is often difficult to extract the necessary information from the University Reporter because the character of the record is changed from time to time. Although another investigator might produce statistics somewhat different from mine, I nevertheless venture to think that they would lead to the same conclusions.

John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jean Racine ◽  
World War ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tragic Drama ◽  
The Relationship

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.

The Fascist Turn in the Dance of Serge Lifar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Franko
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
World War ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Critical Discourses

This book is an examination of neoclassical ballet initially in the French context before and after World War I (circa 1905–1944) with close attention to dancer and choreographer Serge Lifar. Since the critical discourses analyzed indulged in flights of poetic fancy a distinction is made between the Lifar-image (the dancer on stage and object of discussion by critics), the Lifar-discourse (the writings on Lifar as well as his own discourse), and the Lifar-person (the historical actor). This topic is further developed in the final chapter into a discussion of the so-called baroque dance both as a historical object and as a motif of contemporary experimentation as it emerged in the aftermath of World War II (circa 1947–1991) in France. Using Lifar as a through-line, the book explores the development of critical ideas of neoclassicism in relation to his work and his drift toward a fascist position that can be traced to the influence of Nietzsche on his critical reception. Lifar’s collaborationism during the Occupation confirms this analysis. The discussion of neoclassicism begins in the final years of the nineteenth-century and carries us through the Occupation; then track the baroque in its gradual development from the early 1950s through the end of the 1980s and early 1990s.

Madeleine Dring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Brister ◽  
Jay Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Art Songs ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Full Time ◽  
World War ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Piano Students ◽  
Television Shows

This book is the first scholarly biography of Madeleine Dring (1923–1977). Using diaries, letters, and extensive archival research, the narrative examines her career and explores her music. The story of Dring’s life begins with her formal training at the Royal College of Music, first in the Junior Department and then as a full-time student, a period that also covers her personal experience of events both leading up to and during the early years of World War II. Her career is traced in detail through radio and television shows and West End revues, all productions for which she wrote music, as well as her work as an actor. Dring’s most important contemporaries are briefly discussed in relation to her life, including her teachers at the Royal College of Music, professional connections such as Felicity Gray and Laurier Lister, and her husband Roger Lord. Her musical compositions are surveyed, from the earliest works she wrote as a student to the art songs she wrote in her last years, along with various popular numbers for revues and numerous piano pieces for beginning piano students as well as those suitable for the concert hall. Each chapter singles out one or more of these works for detailed description and analysis, with attention to the qualities that characterize her distinctive musical style.

scholarly journals Jesse Shera, The Wars and The Pietá

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Porto Bozzetti ◽  
Gustavo Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject

The purpose of this paper, considering the relevance of Shera thoughts and its repercussions, is to reposition, in epistemological-historical terms, Jesse Shera’s approaches and their impacts according to a relation between life and work of the epistemologist. Without the intention of an exhaustive discussion, the purpose is to understand some unequivocal relations between the Shera critique for the context of its theoretical formulation and the consequences of this approach contrary to some tendencies originating from the technical and bureaucratic roots of the field (before and after World War II). It is deduced that Shera, rather than observing the sociopolitical reality and technical partner in which the texture of alibrary-based thought (but visualized by him as documentaryinformational), establishes, in his own praxis, social epistemology as a sort of "critique of the future," that is, as a praxis of the reflexive activity of the subject inserted in this episteme. In our discussion, the epistemological-social approach represents a vanguard for the context of its affirmation, a reassessment for the immediate decades to its presentation(years 1960 and 1970) and a critique for the future of what was consolidated under the notion of information Science, anticipating affirmations of "social nature" of the 1980s and 1990s in the field of information.

scholarly journals TRANSITION TO THE SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACCOUNT TO DIGITAL ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Moment

the problems of the transition to the second green revolution in the context of tak-ing into account the digital economy were considered from the state of the moment of Russian agri-culture in 1913, taking into account both the yield, harvesting and export of cereals and the number of horses and cattle before and after the First World War, after the Civil War, on the eve and after World War II. The situation of mechanization of agriculture and the transition to intensive produc-tion and supply by defense consumers with the transition to the first green revolution and the inten-sive development of animal husbandry with the Italian technology of megacomplexes of pig and poultry farming with the import of corn to feed them are considered. The balance of feed is practically not achieved due to the intensive export of cereals, mainly wheat, corn and soybeans abroad. The increase in the production of various grain crops is currently possible only due to the transition to intensification of their production, the introduction of biomineral fertilizers in the framework of the second green revolution and the consideration of the prospects of digital information and communication technologies in the development of the digital economy.

scholarly journals The Serbs in Croatia before and after the break-up of Yugoslavia

2006 ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Jovan Ilic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
North West ◽  
West Part ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ethnic War

The Serbs are first mentioned in the west part of the Balkan peninsula in 822. They populated the regions east of the river Cetina, mountain Pljesevica and the area between the rivers Una and Kupa. It means that the significant part of the present Republic of Croatia had been populated by the Serbs since the settlement of the Slavs. The main regions mostly populated by the Serbs were north-west Dalmatia, the larger part of Lika and Kordun, Banija, west Slavonia and smaller sections in east Slavonia, west Srem and Baranya. Social-political circumstances for the life of the Serbs in Croatia were mostly very unfavorable. Extremely unfavourable circumstances were during World War II in The Independent State of Croatia, when the Croatian ustasha fighters carried out an extensive, systematic, comprehensive and bestial genocide, that is ethnocide over the Serbs. The second genocide, that is ethnocide over the Serbs in Croatia was carried out in the civil ethnic-religious war 1991-1995, specially in 1995. In these years, the nationalist- chauvinist, antiserbian movement and war suddenly flared up in Croatia. The Serbs living there were forced to defend, so on December 19 1991 they proclaimed The Republic of Srpska Krajina. However, the Croatian armed forces were military stronger. The Serbs were defeated and punished by the total destruction of their property and mass expulsion. In that cruel civil-ethnic war, about 276.000 Serbs were expelled from Croatia, several thousand of them were killed. About 40.000 Serbian houses were destroyed and 380 Serbian villages were burnt. Hundreds of Serbian-Orthodox religious edifices were burnt or destroyed. The value of the destroyed or plundered Serbian property in Croatia was estimated at about 30 billion euros. According to the official Croatian data, in the last several years about 60.000 Serbs-refugees returned from Serbia to their native land, mostly older persons or those who returned to sell their property and leave Croatia again. About 40.000 of them went to live abroad. However, the Serbs-returnees still live in very difficult conditions, discriminated in all segments of life primarily when it comes to employment.

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