Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) from Spontaneous Flora of the West Part of Romania: A Source of Nutrients for Locals

In this study, the nutritional potential of some hazelnut varieties from the spontaneous flora of Romania was analyzed as a means to increase the sustainability of the local production. The chemical composition from hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) from spontaneous flora was determined in terms of mineral substances, protein, as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The eight amino acids investigated had the following average values: Arg—0.68 g/100 g, Phe—0.415 g/100 g, Ser—0.277 g/100 g, Glu—0.188 g/100 g, Asp—0.133 g/100 g, Pro—0.038 g/100 g, and Lys—0.031 g/100 g. The average values of metal content were in the ranges: 88.39–146.98 µg·g−1 (Fe); 96.93–123.23 µg·g−1(Zn); 46.68–100.38 µg·g−1 (Cu); 26.00–87.78 µg·g−1 (Mn); 4.87–32.19 µg·g−1 (Ni); 1.87–2.84 µg·g−1 (Cr); and 1.29–1.86 µg·g−1 (Cd). Crude protein content values were in the range 16.33–22.31%. In order to harness this nutritional potential, the variety with superior quality indices was included, in the form of flour, in biscuit-type baked goods that were characterized from nutritional and sensory points of view. The results showed that the content of polyphenols increased with the addition of hazelnut flour, as did the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Significant Temporal and Spatial Variability in Nutrient Concentrations in a Chinese Eutrophic Shallow Lake and Its Major Tributaries

Sediment nutrients can be released to the surface water when hydraulic disturbance becomes strong in shallow lakes, which contributes to nutrient enrichment and subsequent lake eutrophication in the water column. To explore the seasonal variations and spatial distributions exhibited by nutrients in the water column, surface sediment, and pore water of Lake Yangcheng and its major tributaries, we determined the concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) throughout the lake in different seasons of 2018. Total N (TN) and total P (TP) concentrations in the connected rivers were much greater than those in the lake, indicating that external loading greatly contributed to the nutrient enrichment. TN concentration in the water column was highest in the winter, whereas TP peaked in the summer. A similar temporal pattern was observed for TN and TP in the sediment with maxima in the winter and minima in the summer; however, nutrients in the pore water were highest in the summer, in contrast to the temporal variation in the sediment. Additionally, high TN values in the water column and high TP in the three compartments were distributed primarily in the west part of the lake, while high TN concentrations in the sediment and pore water were observed mainly in the east portion of the lake. According to the enrichment factor index (an indicator evaluating the nutrient enrichment by comparing the detected contents and standard values), nutrients in the lake sediment were severely enriched with TN and TP averaging 2195.8 mg/kg and 543.0 mg/kg, respectively. The vertical distribution of TN and TP generally exhibited similar decreasing patterns with an increase in sediment depth, suggesting mineralization of TN and TP by microbes and benthic organisms. More attention and research are needed to understand the seasonality of nutrient exchange across the sediment–water interface, especially in eutrophic lakes.

Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete

The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.

Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Eutrophication State in The Hammar Marsh Using A Satellite-Based Model

Water pollution is now a major threat to the existence of living beings. Accordingly, Water quality monitoring is an important activity toward restoring water quality. As wetland eutrophication is one of the essential ecosystem elements, devastation of this element is a significant issue. The Trophic State Index (TSI) provides information about trophic condition of water bodies. This paper aims to conduct spatiotemporal monitoring for the eutrophication of the west part of Al-Hammar Marsh for the period 2013-2020. To this end, a satellite-based TSI computation model was developed and implemented by using a series of OLI Landsat satellite images. The results showed that there was no improvement in the eutrophication state in the marsh, the percentage of the low class of TSI decreased in 2015 and 2018 to 7.9% and 2.6% and increased in 2017 and 2020 to 39.8%, and 56.3%. In general, the TSI was in the poor class in all the considered periods. Fluctuation of quantity and quality of the inflow prevents restoring the eutrophication of the marsh because this process requires stability in the levels of inundation above the critical limits for the water depth and periods. Therefore, it is necessary to find suitable alternatives to provide water drainage in quantities and quality that ensure the sustainability of the marsh ecosystem.

Estimation Des Concentrations Et Cartographie De La Dynamique Des Polluants Atmosperiques Particulaires Dans La Ville D’abidjan

En Côte d’Ivoire, la gestion et la sécurité sanitaire liée à la pollution atmosphérique revet un grand interêt . Dans ce même élan de gestion de la qualité de l’air l’OMS a fixé un seuil d’émission que les pays doivent intégrer dans leur mode de gestion. Cependant, dans les villes de grandes concentrations comme Abidjan il est parfois difficile de maitriser les paramètres d’émissions. L’objectif de cette étude est donc d’estimer les concentrations des polluants atmospreriques particulaires PM2.5 et ensuite cartographier la dynamique de ces polluants de 2015 à 2020. Pour atteindre cet objectif , les données de l’imagerie satellitaire LANDSAT ont été utilisées. Il a s’agit de calculer les réflectances de surfaces et les réflectances au sommet de l’atmosphère. Le but de ces calculs était de déduire les réflectances atmosphériques. En considérant la relation étroite existence entre les PM2.5 et la réflectance atmosphérique un modèle de régression linéaire a été conidéré pour déduire les PM2.5. Les résultats ont montré que les concentrations des PM2.5 sont de façon générale au-dessus du seuil de l’OMS. Ces valeurs sont de 31 μg/m3 en janvier 2015 , de 36 μg/m3 en janvier 2016 , de 32 μg/m3 en décembre 2016, de 33 μg/m3 en janvier 2019 et de 33 μg/m3 en janvier 2020. Cela donne une concentration moyenne de 33 μg/m3. Les communes de Yopougon Nord, Abobo Ouest, Cocody ouest et Port-Bouet Est sont les zones les plus pollués avec des concentrations allant de 26 à 49 μg/m3. In Côte d'Ivoire, management and health security related to air pollution are of great interest. In this same approach to air quality management, WHO has set an emission threshold that countries must integrate into their management method. However, in cities with a high concentration like Abidjan, it is sometimes difficult to control the emission parameters. The objective of this study is therefore to estimate the concentrations of particulate air pollutants PM2.5 and then to map the dynamics of these pollutants from 2015 to 2020. To achieve this objective, data from LANDSAT satellite imagery were used. . This involves calculating the surface reflectances and the reflectances at the top of the atmosphere. The purpose of these calculations was to deduce atmospheric reflectances. Given the close relationship between PM2.5 and atmospheric reflectance, a linear regression model was considered to derive PM2.5. The results showed that PM2.5 concentrations are generally above the WHO threshold. These values are 31μg /m3 in January 2015, 36 μg / m3 in January 2016, 32 μg / m3 in December 2016, 33 μg / m3 in January 2019 and 33 μg / m3 in January 2020. This gives an average concentration of 33 μg / m3. The cities of Yopougon noth part, Abobo west part, Cocody west part and Port-Bouet east part are the most polluted areas with concentrations ranging from 26 to 49 μg / m3.

Areology of the Birth and Christening Tunes of the West of the Ukrainian Ethnic Territory and Adjacent Lands: the Perspective from Northern Pidlassia

The considerable progress of Ukrainian ethnomusicology in the field of structural and typological researches in the recent decades has generally clarified the melotypology and melogeography of the most ritual genre cycles of ethnic Ukraine and the adjacent areas, except the birth and christening songs. This is due to the small number or complete absence of recordings of this kind of songs in most regions of Ukraine. However, there are some areas where birth and christening songs exist in more than a few numbers and form a sufficiently integral melotypological complex. These areas are Northern Pidlassiaand Nadsyannia (the Syan river region). Generally, Western Ukraine is represented by a small number of records of birth and christening songs, but this nevertheless dominate over the rest of the territory, which is represented mainly by single samples. In the represented study, an attempt to fill the existing gap in the typological study of birth and christening songs of the western territories of Ukraine is made. The sources are published recordings, the author’s own materials, as well as materials from the Archive of the Laboratory of Music Ethnology at the Lviv National Music Academy named after Mykola Lysenko. Musical and folklore studies of birth and christening rites are not numerous. Among them it is necessary to mention a sizable monograph of Anatolyi Ivanytsky «Songs are from Birth and Christening» (Ivanytsky, 2013) and also collections of Halyna Sokil, Stephan Copa and others.Iryna Klymenko dedicated a special paragraph to this genre in the monograph «Ritual Melodies of the Ukrainians in the Context of the Slavic-Baltic Early-Traditional Melomassive: Typology and Geography» (2020). The comparative analysis of the total amount of the birth and christening tunes reveals a significant role in this genre cycle of the melotypological group on the basis of the spondeic seven-component structure, which is the most represented in the western Ukrainian and adjacent territories. The next melotypological group combines various forms based on the five component structure. Melodic type with a lyric structure V(5+5)2 has two rhythmic versions. Quite often, the same texts can be performed in different rhythmic variants. It has been observed that the tunes of the first rhythmic type are connected mainly with ritual lyrics. Instead, the second type combines mainly with common plots. A unique type based on a five-component structure, which has no analogues, is a three-part form V(5+5+5)2, which spreads on Nadsianna, less on Opillia territories. These melodies usually are combined with the same poetic lines «Early on Sunday, early on Sunday as a white day» rarely with some slight variants in the first line. Speaking of five-syllable structures we should mention songs with the so-called «arrow-like» rhythm. Although only a few fixations are known in Western Ukraine, the central and eastern territories of Ukraine and Belarus are represented more richly. Instead, the West part represents a kind of «hybrid» form based on this rhythmic structure. Perhaps the most widely used ritual melodic type in Eastern Europe with the verse structure V(5+5+7)2 and birth and christening function distribute on the territory of north-western Ukraine with a concentration on Nadsyannia. Another widespread ritual rhythmical form based on the iambic six-component structure is represented in tirade and strophic compositions, but the records of these songs, unfortunately, are rare. Summarizing the melotypological and meloareological characteristics of the birth and christening melodic types of the ethnic west of Ukraine, it should be noted that the two densest centers of their existence are Northern Pidlassiaand Nadsyannia. However, Northern Pidlassiais characterized by a richer melotypological set: six melotypes, while in Nadsyannia there are only three ones. In addition, the folk melodic types of these two areas actually differ. In general, the birth and christening genre cycle of Nadssiannia seems to be separated from the surrounding territories with its «unique» song «Early on Sunday», which partially spread to neighboring territories. Additionally, there is no any recorded sample based on the seven-component structure, as well as no samples of six-syllable melodies were encountered. The range of melotypes based on the five-component structure is the most numerous and most widespread in the territory of the ethnic west of Ukraine. A group of related seven-components melodic types is spread in the BelarusianUkrainian area. The melodic basis of the vast majority of the birth and christening songs is a system of stable tones at a distance of a fifth with a minor inclination of the scale.

INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY IN EFL CLASSROOM FOR INDONESIAN ADOLESECENT LEARNERS

The coming of the internet and the advancement of technology make revolution in Language Pedagogy, especially in the EFL classroom. Teaching the students who were born as the digital natives forces EFL, teachers have to integrate technology in language teaching. This article was written based on a recent EFL teacher’s practice. This study employed a case study method with 30 students of grade 9 of Junior High School in the west part of Indonesia as the participants. The aim of this study was to elaborate the way how the teacher made the students more familiar with the computer and the internet access in EFL Classroom. A Messenger Group as the main communication platform, supported by other web-based platforms including school’s Facebook (FB) group and online materials were integrated into learning activities. The findings showed that students found using technology in the classroom was easy due to the teacher’s instruction. They also reported that the technology integration in their EFL classroom encouraged their creativity and helped to accommodate their diverse interest. As a result, the students feel more comfortable and confident using technology for educational purposes and, become more creative and innovative in doing their project. Beside the clear instructions from the teacher, the availability of the computer laboratory, internet access, and students’ smartphones really help the success of this course.

Five Anastasiae and Two Febroniae: A Guided Tour in the Maze of Anastasia Legends. Part One. The Oriental Dossier

The recent data related to the legend of St Anastasia in Byzantium require a fresh analysis of the mutually connected cults of Anastasia and Febronia in both the Christian East and West. Part One of the present study is focused on the East, whereas Part Two will be focused on the Latin West. In Part One, the cult of Anastasia is discussed especially in Constantinople from the mid-fifth to the fourteenth centuries, with special attention to the epoch when the Imperial Church was Monothelite (seventh century). In this epoch, a new avatar of St Anastasia was created, the Roman Virgin, whose Passio was written on the basis of Syriac hagiographic documents. The cult of this second Anastasia was backed by Monothelite Syrians, whereas the fifth-century cult of Anastasia in Constantinople was backed by the Goths. Transformations of Anastasia cults in the era of state Monothelitism were interwoven with a new Syriac cult of Febronia of Nisibis that appeared in the capital shortly after its creation in Syria in a Severian “Monophysite” milieu.

Application of the APLIS Method for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Rote Island Karst Areas

The karst area on Rote Island dominates more than 60% of the Island. The land surface conditions in karst areas are generally dry, while below the subsurface is the potential for abundant water resources. This study aims to assess groundwater vulnerability using the APLIS (Altitude, Pendiete/Slope, Lithology, Infiltration, and Soils) method that will integrate with Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. The parameters used are elevation, slope, lithology, infiltration zone, and soil type. Slope and elevation are obtained from DEM maps, the soil is obtained from soil type maps, while lithology and infiltration zone are obtained from geological maps. The lithology and the infiltration zone in APLIS method analysis have a high role in determining the level of groundwater vulnerability. The groundwater vulnerability in Rote Island was divided into four classes: very low in the Northeast, low in the South, moderate in the East and North, and high in the East and West part of the Island. It explains that a high level of groundwater vulnerability in Rote Island needs to be used as a groundwater protection zone.