Finite deformations of fibre-reinforced elastic solids with fibre bending stiffness – Part II: determination of the spherical part of the couple-stress

The indeterminacy of the spherical part of couple-stress is a well-known drawback of any theoretical formulation stemming from the Cosserat couple-stress theory of elasticity. The relevant theory of finite elastic deformations of solids reinforced by a family of fibres that resist bending is not an exception. The present communication extends and completes that theory in a manner that enables it to measure the spherical part of the couple-stress tensor outside the conventional equilibrium considerations. To achieve this, the present study reconsiders an extra piece of information that has surprisingly emerged already but, so far, has been left unexplained and unexploited; namely, the fact that the energy stored in a fibrous composite elastic solid with fibre-bending stiffness involves a couple-stress generated term that does not influence the relevant couple-stress constitutive equation. The thus resulting new theoretical development complements the theory previously presented without dismissing any of the theoretical results detailed or the conclusions drawn there. Its validity embraces boundary value problems concerning both finite and infinitesimal elastic deformations of polar fibrous composites. In the latter case, its applicability is also tested and verified through the successful determination of the spherical couple-stress of a polar transversely isotropic elastic plate subjected to pure bending.

Legendre Spectral Collocation Technique for Advection Dispersion Equations Included Riesz Fractional

The advection–dispersion equations have gotten a lot of theoretical attention. The difficulty in dealing with these problems stems from the fact that there is no perfect answer and that tackling them using local numerical methods is tough. The Riesz fractional advection–dispersion equations are quantitatively studied in this research. The numerical methodology is based on the collocation approach and a simple numerical algorithm. To show the technique’s performance and competency, a comprehensive theoretical formulation is provided, along with numerical examples.

A New Zealand Superblock: Smart Planned Development

<p>Wellington city’s forecast, for the period 2011-31, is that the urban population will increase by 20,000 residents, including 60% increased demand for rental properties. This research investigation focuses on sustainable means of increasing housing density in the face of ever-increasing urban sprawl. The research proposes that Wellington City Council’s Smart Capital (2010) initiatives for urban expansion infrastructure projects—with aims to attain progressive urban growth with desirable characteristics—are good on some levels, but remedies such as infill and intensification that encroach on urban green spaces are unsustainable. The encroachments caused by urban sprawl can damage both environmental design characteristics and, the well-being of inhabitants. The thesis proposes that smart planned development (SPD) principles, when sustainably maintained, can be an effective alternative urbanisation method to WCC’s Smart Capital propositions. This investigation proposes a theoretical formulation supporting the construction of superblocks within New Zealand, using SPD as a process. For example, Lincolnshire Farm in Wellington is a site exemplar whose proximity and size would permit the city to construct alternative spatial configurations, in the form of a modified superblock for the New Zealand context. The Modern Movement reflected on the viability of superblocks of urban housing for population growth. Historically, these superblocks when built were problematic due to the detrimental attributes of automobiles, densities, and metropolitan expansions. This thesis proposes ways to mitigate these difficulties by merging relevant components of three environmental approaches: ‘Ecological Design’ principles by Sim Van der Ryn; ‘Green Urbanism’ principles by Steffen Lehmann; and framework of ‘Green Transit Oriented Development’ proposed by Robert Cervero and Catherine Sullivan. Once relevant aspects of these principles are assimilated, the research examines them within the context of Kevin Lynch’s principles for a good city form (GCF), to help contribute to the development of new sustainable criteria for superblocks in New Zealand. As case studies, the comparative methodology of this investigation evaluates the achievements of Woodberry Down in London, Discovery Bay in Hong Kong, and Linked Hybrid in Beijing, and Hobsonville Point in Auckland.</p>

A New Zealand Superblock: Smart Planned Development

<p>Wellington city’s forecast, for the period 2011-31, is that the urban population will increase by 20,000 residents, including 60% increased demand for rental properties. This research investigation focuses on sustainable means of increasing housing density in the face of ever-increasing urban sprawl. The research proposes that Wellington City Council’s Smart Capital (2010) initiatives for urban expansion infrastructure projects—with aims to attain progressive urban growth with desirable characteristics—are good on some levels, but remedies such as infill and intensification that encroach on urban green spaces are unsustainable. The encroachments caused by urban sprawl can damage both environmental design characteristics and, the well-being of inhabitants. The thesis proposes that smart planned development (SPD) principles, when sustainably maintained, can be an effective alternative urbanisation method to WCC’s Smart Capital propositions. This investigation proposes a theoretical formulation supporting the construction of superblocks within New Zealand, using SPD as a process. For example, Lincolnshire Farm in Wellington is a site exemplar whose proximity and size would permit the city to construct alternative spatial configurations, in the form of a modified superblock for the New Zealand context. The Modern Movement reflected on the viability of superblocks of urban housing for population growth. Historically, these superblocks when built were problematic due to the detrimental attributes of automobiles, densities, and metropolitan expansions. This thesis proposes ways to mitigate these difficulties by merging relevant components of three environmental approaches: ‘Ecological Design’ principles by Sim Van der Ryn; ‘Green Urbanism’ principles by Steffen Lehmann; and framework of ‘Green Transit Oriented Development’ proposed by Robert Cervero and Catherine Sullivan. Once relevant aspects of these principles are assimilated, the research examines them within the context of Kevin Lynch’s principles for a good city form (GCF), to help contribute to the development of new sustainable criteria for superblocks in New Zealand. As case studies, the comparative methodology of this investigation evaluates the achievements of Woodberry Down in London, Discovery Bay in Hong Kong, and Linked Hybrid in Beijing, and Hobsonville Point in Auckland.</p>

On Refugee Agency, Bio-Politics, and a New World

This short intervention starts by discussing Giorgio Agamben’s theoretical formulation of ‘bare life,’ popular in refugee studies. Thinking with the case study of Palestinian refugee camps, particularly in the West Bank, it argues that there are clear limitations to the discourse of and bare life. I argue that ‘bare life’ neither accounts for the multilayered relations of power, particularly colonialism, slavery, and indigenous genocide, that systemically make certain populations more susceptible to its power than others. Nor does it account for the modes of of those who are systemically relegated to its sphere. I conclude by working through some of the theoretical formulations around body politics from the field of Black studies, particularly Alexander Weheliye's 2014 concept of the flesh, in order to explore new directions they may point us towards in refugee studies.

Theoretical Formulation/Development of Signal Sampling with an Equal Arc Length Using the Frame Theorem

Non-uniform sampling with equal arc length intervals can be found in shape measurements with contact sensor arrays. In this study, the conditions of non-uniform spatial sampling with an equal arc length interval are derived from two frame theorems. First, for general non-uniform sampling, the condition is that the equal arc length interval of the sensors should be less than 1/4Ω. Second, for strictly increasing sampling, the condition is that the equal arc length interval of the sensors should be less than 1/2Ω. The Ω is the maximum frequency of the detected object. For the latter, if the sampling frequency is more twice than the sampling frequency required, the reconstruction error (RRMSE and MRE) is less than 5%. If the sampling frequency is more than 2.5 times, the reconstruction error is less than 3%. The simulation and the experiment are carried out and the results show that a sensor array with equal arc length interval can reconstruct the detected object with high accuracy.

Parker’s Solar Wind Model for a Polytropic Gas

Parker’s hydrodynamic isothermal solar wind model is extended to apply for a more realistic polytropic gas flow that can be caused by a variable extended heating of the corona. A compatible theoretical formulation is given and detailed numerical and systematic asymptotic theoretical considerations are presented. The polytropic conditions favor an enhanced conversion of thermal energy in the solar wind into kinetic energy of the outward flow and are hence shown to enhance the acceleration of the solar wind, thus indicating a quicker loss of the solar angular momentum.