scholarly journals The relation of the parathyroid glands to the action of irradiated ergosterol

1934 ◽  
Vol 116 (796) ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

In a previous communication (Taylor, Weld, Branion and Kay, 1931) we drew attention to the similarity between the effects upon dogs of overdosage with parathormone and those induced by excessive doses of irradiated ergosterol. A large number of animals were studied and several different aspects of the overdosage manifestations of the hormone and the vitamin were compared. The rise in the serum calcium effected by large doses of either of these two substances had been sufficient alone to suggest to many investigators some fundamental relationship between their actions. The suggestion was given the colour of reality by the facts, that whichever agent was employed, the magnitude of the calcium rise and the excretory response of the kidney were found to be essentially the same. The urinary calcium is greatly increased and the volume and total acidity of the urine rises in either instance. Other features common to the actions of the two substances are the rise in the non-protein nitrogen of the blood and a great elevation of the blood phosphorus in the terminal stages of the overdosage condition. These resemblances in action we believe are not without significance in view of the fact that no other agent is known to cause a comparable combination of effects. The experiments carried out at Toronto demonstrated two other remarkable points of similarity between the actions of the two agents, namely, the closely comparable degrees of susceptibility to either substance exhibited by various species and the identical nature of the vascular changes in the gastro-intestinal tract of carnivora, whichever substance was employed. Since the publication of our earlier paper the susceptibility to irradiated ergosterol and parathormone has been investigated in two other species—pigs and lions. Eight young pigs, just weaned, were employed. Three were each given 2 cc doses of irradiated ergosterol (10-000 X) by mouth daily. This amounted to 0.06 cc per kilo of body weight. The remaining animals were kept as controls. One of the treated animals died at the end of the fourth week. Bleeding from the nose and difficulty in breathing were present for a day or two preceding death. At autopsy a hæmorrhagic state of the lungs-was found. The second animal died after 5 weeks of treatment. The postmortem examination showed hæmorrhages into the lungs and gastro-intestinal tract. The third animal showed no ill effects. It gained in weight throughout the experiment and in no way appeared different from the controls. From these results the susceptibility of pigs to the overdosage effects appears to be little different from that of dogs. Other members of this species exhibited a corresponding degree of susceptibility to the effects of parathormone.

scholarly journals Rehydration before Application Improves Functional Properties of Lyophilized Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HAC03

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Karina Arellano-Ayala ◽  
Juhwan Lim ◽  
Subin Yeo ◽  
Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli ◽  
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Formulation

Preservation of probiotics by lyophilization is considered a method of choice for developing stable products. However, both direct consumption and reconstitution of dehydrated probiotic preparations before application “compromise” the survival and functional characteristics of the microorganisms under the stress of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. We evaluated the impact of different food additives on the viability, mucin adhesion, and zeta potential of a freeze-dried putative probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum HAC03. HAC03-compatible ingredients for the formulation of ten rehydration mixtures could be selected. Elevated efficacy was achieved by the B-active formulation, a mixture of non-protein nitrogen compounds, sugars, and salts. The survival of Lp. plantarum HAC03 increased by 36.36% compared rehydration with distilled water (4.92%) after passing simulated gastro-intestinal stress conditions. Cell viability determined by plate counting was confirmed by flow cytometry. B-active formulation also influenced Lp. plantarum HAC03 functionality by increasing its adherence to a Caco-2 cell-line and by changing the bacterial surface charge, measured as zeta potential.Hydrophobicity, mucin adhesion and immunomodulatory properties of Lp. plantarum HAC03 were not affected by the B-active formulation. The rehydration medium also effectively protected Lp. plantarum ATCC14917, Lp. plantarum 299v, Latilactobacillus sakei (Lt.) HAC11, Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) paracasei 532, Enterococcus faecium 200, and Lc. rhamnosus BFE5263.

scholarly journals Endoparasites of the European beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) in north-eastern Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz ◽  
Jacek Lachowicz ◽  
Izabela Kuligowska ◽  
Anna M. Pyziel ◽  
Grzegorz Bełżecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
First Record ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
The Third ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Baermann Method

Abstract Parasitological examination after necropsies of 48 European beavers from Podlaskie and Warmisko-Mazurskie provinces were performed between April 2011 and November 2012. All helminthes were isolated from the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract and their species were determined. In addition, blood samples and faeces were examined. All beavers were infected with six species of parasites. Stichorchis subtriqetrus trematodes were found in 93.7% of animals. They were localized mainly in the caecum, less in the colon, and single juvenile parasites were found in the small intestine. The intensity of infection ranged from two to 893 parasites. Travassosius rufus nematodes (10-4336 specimens) were present in the stomach of 68.7% of the beavers. In the small intestine of four (8.3%) beavers, two-six specimens of Psilotrema castoris were found. This is the first record of this species in Poland and the third of its discovery in the world. Furthermore, in the small intestine of one beaver, two Trichostrongylus capricola nematodes were detected. In the liver of one beaver, pathological changes caused by hydatid cestode Echinococus granulosus occurred. Inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa caused by Travassosius rufus and of caecum caused by Stichorchis subtriquertus, were observed. Coproscopy was performed with the use of Baermann, flotation, and decantation methods. All results of Baermann method were negative. Examinations with flotation and decantation methods confirmed necropsy findings. Using the flotation method, single oocysts of Eimeria sprehni in one beaver were detected. A blood test conducted by Kingston and Morton method did not reveal the presence of protozoa or microfilariae.

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Damage on Lower Gastro-Intestinal Tract: Is There an Involvement of Microbiota?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Montenegro ◽  
Giuseppe Losurdo ◽  
Raffaele Licinio ◽  
Maria Zamparella ◽  
Floriana Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

scholarly journals Analysis of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of Marine Mammals: A Multidisciplinary Approach with a New Multi-Sieves Tool

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1824
Author(s):  
Giorgia Corazzola ◽  
Matteo Baini ◽  
Carla Grattarola ◽  
Cristina Panti ◽  
Federica Marcer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Important Data ◽  
New Device ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Organs and content of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of marine mammals are relevant for a variety of investigations and provide data to researchers from different fields. Currently used protocols applied to the GIT for specific analysis limit the possibility to execute other investigations and important information could be lost. To ensure a proper sample collection and a multidisciplinary investigation of the GIT of marine mammals, a new multi-sieves tool and a specific protocol have been developed. This new device and approach allowed the simultaneous sampling of the GIT and its content for the main investigations concerned. The samples collected during these preliminary trials were suitable to perform all the different research procedures considered in this work. The obtained results show that with a few and easy procedural adjustments, a multidisciplinary sampling and evaluation of the GIT of marine mammals is possible. This will reduce the risk of losing important data aimed at understanding the cause of death of the animal, but also biology and ecology of marine mammals, and other important data for their conservation and habitats management.

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