The Research Department of Courtaulds Limited

1954 ◽  
Vol 142 (908) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fibre Industry ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Research Department ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Manufacturing Organization

Before I describe the Research Department of Courtaulds Ltd, I must first give a brief description of the activities and organization of the Company as a whole. Broadly speaking, Courtaulds Ltd is engaged in all aspects of the man-made fibre industry, including primary raw materials at one end and garments at the other, though the industrial effort is far from uniformly spread between these limits, the major strength of the Company being concentrated in the production of the cellulosic-based fibres known as viscose and cellulose acetate rayon. In addition, the Company has large investments in subsidiary and associated rayon producing companies in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the U.S.A., while in England the manufacture of Cellophane is carried out by the subsidiary company of British Cellophane Ltd, and that of nylon by the associated company British Nylon Spinners Ltd, so that the parent company is partly a manufacturing organization and partly a holding company. All the subsidiary and associated companies have their own research departments of varying sizes and complexities but I shall not attempt to describe these, and I shall confine my remarks to the research department of the parent company. As I have already mentioned, the major industrial activity of Courtaulds Ltd in the United Kingdom is the production of cellulosic-based fibres. The rayon factories run 168 hours a week, there being four shifts. The number of hourly-paid operatives is at present about 15000 and the sales are of the order of £50000000 per annum. The value to be placed upon the fixed assets is largely a matter of opinion, but in considering the effect of technical innovations upon the operations of the Company the fixed assets can be assumed to be worth something of the order of £80000000.The number of operatives is therefore small; the capital investment is high and the turnover is relatively low.

The Research Department of Courtaulds Limited

1954 ◽  
Vol 223 (1153) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fibre Industry ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Research Department ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Manufacturing Organization

Before I describe the Research Department of Courtaulds Ltd, I must first give a brief description of the activities and organization of the Company as a whole. Broadly speaking, Courtaulds Ltd is engaged in all aspects of the man-made fibre industry, including primary raw materials at one end and garments at the other, though the industrial effort is far from uniformly spread between these limits, the major strength of the Company being concentrated in the production of the cellulosic-based fibres known as viscose and cellulose acetate rayon. In addition the Company has large investments in subsidiary and associated rayon producing companies in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the U.S.A., while in England the manufacture of Cellophane is carried out by the subsidiary company of British Cellophane Ltd, and that of nylon by the associated company British Nylon Spinners Ltd, so that the parent company is partly a manufacturing organization and partly a holding company. All the subsidiary and associated companies have their own research departments of varying sizes and complexities but I shall not attempt to describe these, and I shall confine my remarks to the research department of the parent company. As I have already mentioned, the major industrial activity of Courtaulds Ltd in the United Kingdom is the production of cellulosic-based fibres. The rayon factories run 168 hours a week, there being four shifts. The number of hourly-paid operatives is at present about 15000 and the sales are of the order of £50000000 per annum. The value to be placed upon the fixed assets is largely a matter of opinion, but in considering the effect of technical innovations upon the operations of the Company the fixed assets can be assumed to be worth something of the order of £80000000. The number of operatives is therefore small; the capital investment is high and the turnover is relatively low.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION OF CAPITALIZATION OF ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE BASED ON THE COST (INVESTMENT) APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1(70)) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Y.A. NAZARENKO
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Constant Prices

Topicality. The increase in the level of capitalization of the economy is of strategic importance to Ukraine, because, firstly, there is a direct link between capitalization and competitiveness, and secondly, because the market transformation in Ukraine is inherently capitalization of the economy. All this necessitates the further study of the theoretical and methodological principles of capitalization of enterprises of the country as a whole and by types of activity. Aim and tasks. To consider the methodical principles of estimating capitalization of enterprises on the basis of cost (investment) approach and to evaluate it by types of activity for Ukrainian enterprises at actual and constant prices. Research results. An assessment of the real capitalization of enterprises as a state can be considered as a "passive" assessment and it can be implemented even if the enterprise does not work. Such an assessment has a limited scope and should be used for enterprises whose activities are based on the use of fixed assets (machines, equipment, buildings, etc.), in which the results of the production process depends not only on the available intellectual capital, but on the available physical capital, and where there are no significant intangible assets. At the same time, the use of a cost-effective approach to enterprises that are based on education, knowledge and skills of staff (companies engaged in consulting and software development, retail and distribution companies, real estate agencies, travel agencies, etc.) do not provide adequate an idea of the level of their capitalization. Accounting of assets of the enterprise in the balance sheet is carried out at the original cost. Exceptions are fixed assets, accounting for the original and residual value. Over time, such an assessment as a result of inflation, non-revaluation and other factors does not reflect the actual (actual) value of assets. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use the replacement value or the replacement value, which should be used to reproduce the same or create a similar asset. The growth in the residual value of fixed assets of Ukrainian enterprises in 2012-2017 is due to two factors: net income of fixed assets (the difference between the amount of fixed assets received and which have left); indexing In general, in Ukraine the growth of residual value of fixed assets of enterprises in actual prices is mainly due to their indexation (77 %). At the same time, in agriculture and trade, the main role played by the receipt of fixed assets, and in the transport sector, the residual value of fixed assets in enterprises at actual prices is almost 100 % due to their indexation. Negative trends occurred in relation to the share of own capital of enterprises of Ukraine, which decreased from 51.6 % in 2001 to 24.7 % in 2017. The same thing happened in agriculture and industry, and in construction and trade, it even got negative values. An analysis of the dynamics of assets of Ukrainian enterprises in the prices of 2012 indicates a tendency to reduce their value. In 2017, their value amounted to 93.5 % of the level in 2012, in industry - 93.1 % and in transport - 96.2 %. In trade and construction, the reduction was more significant and amounted to more than 20 %. A completely different situation was in agriculture, where in the period of 2012-2017 the assets of enterprises increased by more than 1.5 times. Conclusion. The assessment in actual prices reflects the current level of capitalization of enterprises. At the same time, due to inflation, the average level of which in 2014-2017 was about 20 %, makes it impossible to compare capitalization estimates for different years. In order to solve this problem, the evaluation of capitalization at constant prices was carried out, which showed that there was a decrease in the level of capitalization of enterprises in general in the country and in the main types of activity, the exception was agriculture, where the level of capitalization of enterprises increased more than 1.5 times. All this testifies to the negative processes in the country's economy, namely, the deindustrialization and domination of the raw materials industries.

The Mechanism of Ensuring Ecological and Economic Efficiency of the Iron-Ore Deposit Exploitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Prokopenko ◽  
Olexandra Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Mining Enterprise ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Iron Ore Deposit

Components of constantly renewed cycle of formation the investment on maintaining of productivity fixed assets of production and a mechanism of ensuring the environmental and economic efficiency during exploitation of iron ore deposit is substantiated. The methodic fundamentals in investing of expanded reproduction of fixed assets on the mining enterprise for increasing the completeness of using the operational stocks of ore raw materials have been developed. The possibility and advisability of investing in reproduction of fixed assets due to additional revenue from the sale of products made from rich ore are proved, which creates a profitable conditions for processing low-grade ore stocks. It is achieved through the expanded reproduction of fixed assets, that is able to maintain the pit capacity depending on the degree and time of its deepening. On the example of Poltava MPP it is estimated the possibility of industrial complexes to accumulate profits from operations for the extended reproduction of fixed assets. It is proved that the plant will be able to allocate the necessary investment funds if mineral ore reserves is processed with a reduction of its quality.

How does working capital management affect the profitability of Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hien Tran ◽  
Malcolm Abbott ◽  
Chee Jin Yap
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Accounts Payable

Purpose Well-designed and implemented working capital management (WCM) will encourage positive returns for a business and establish the firm’s value, while ineffective management will undoubtedly lead to failure of the enterprise. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In business, fixed capital and working capital are the two main forms of capital used. The current assets used in the business as working capital for day-to-day operations include raw materials, work in progress, finished goods, bills receivable, cash and bank balance. This paper analyses the relationship between WCM and profitability in Vietnamese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after integration into the global economy. Findings The results suggest that SME owner-managers can increase their firm’s profitability by reducing the number of days of accounts receivable, accounts inventories and accounts payable to an optimal minimum. In addition, a robustness check of this study indicates that high profitability will be achieved, with an optimal level of working capital investment in accounts inventories, accounts receivable and accounts payable. Originality/value No work of this sort has been applied to Vietnamese circumstances. It is also rare in SE Asia more generally.

Decomposition model the design of a control system by processes of transport logistics

10.12737/4041 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Данилов ◽  
Aleksandr Danilov ◽  
Тонких ◽  
Dmitriy Tonkikh
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Decomposition Model ◽  
Transport Logistics

The article describes the movement of material flows of large industrial holding company presents a hierarchical structure of logistic devices such organization and considers some of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of transportation. Shows the seriousness of the problem transportation problem for manufacturing enterprises. The questions about the use of own and rented fleet. Analyzed aspects of procurement, supply and intra-industrial movement of raw materials, materials, components and finished production.

Global steel market will still face oversupply

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Steel Output ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Steel Market ◽  
The Cost

Subject Slow cuts to global steel overcapacity. Significance In 2015, global steel output fell 2.8% compared to 2014, reaching 1.62 billion tonnes. China's production dropped by 2.3% to 804 million tonnes. In 2015, European benchmark steel prices fell by 27%, from 480 dollars/tonne to 350 dollars/tonne, while Chinese prices suffered a 41% drop, from 440 to 260 dollars/tonne. Margins at many steel-making groups contracted, as steel prices fell faster than the cost of raw materials. Large-scale job losses intensified in Europe, with the United Kingdom and Spain enduring the most of the capacity cuts. Impacts Latin American production could suffer from Asian competition unless sector-specific safeguards are introduced. Renewed dollar appreciation could make dollar-denominated debt unsustainable for many emerging-market steel-makers. BRICS exporters will suffer tariffs imposed by the US Department of Commerce. India will remain the industry's best hope for growth, due to its urbanisation and still low per capita steel consumption.

III. British Plans

1945 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147
Author(s):  
W. Hardy Wickwar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government

The United Kingdom has gone considerably farther than the United States in the acceptance of full employment as one of the prime aims of government policy. There is a widespread feeling that it may also have gone farther in devising governmental machinery for the realization of this aim. On both counts—the end and the means—the present trend in the United Kingdom merits attention in the United States and other countries.Official endorsement of full employment as a proper end for governmental policy dates back to 1944. The much-quoted white paper on Employment Policy was presented to Parliament by Lord Woolton, Minister of Reconstruction in the Churchill coalition, a few days before D-day. It began with the unequivocal statement: “The Government accept as one of their primary aims and responsibilities the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment after the war.” Shortly afterwards, at the conclusion of a three-day debate, the House of Commons passed a resolution moved by Laborite Ernest Bevin, then Minister of Labor and National Service, and supported on the side of the Conservatives by Sir John Anderson as Chancellor of the Exchequer: “That this House … welcomes the declaration of His Majesty's Government….” At no time later has this basic commitment been placed in doubt.Acceptance of full employment in business circles might be illustrated by a number of authoritative pronouncements made in the middle of the war. These include a pamphlet entitled The Problem of Unemployment, issued by Lever Brothers and Unilever Limited at the beginning of 1943. Here it was clearly argued that irregularity of capital investment was the principal cause of unemployment; that the profit motive had proved an insufficient guide in the extension of productive capacity; and that it was the task of government to regularize the incentive to investment by the use of indirect controls.

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