Regional Investment Market in the Sphere of Waste Management: Dynamics, Structure, Evaluation Methodology

Introduction. Developing environmental entrepreneurship and attracting investments in the sphere of waste management are relevant for increasing the sustainability of economic systems in the circumstances of catastrophic environmental pollution, climate change, and depletion of natural resources. Based on the conducted research, the article assesses the impact of industrial and consumer waste generation on the development of the regional investment market in the sphere of waste management. Materials and Methods. A systemic analysis of the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service characterizing the development of the investment market in the sphere of waste management was performed using the correlation, factor, and regression (linear and nonlinear) methods of analysis, as well as the analysis of variance. On the basis of econometric dynamic modeling using instrumental variables, the study has revealed the dependence of the volume of investment in fixed assets in the Russian Federation aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources on the volume and structure of generated industrial and consumer waste. Results. The volume of investment in fixed assets in the Russian Federation aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources has been prognosticated taking into account the statistical criteria; conclusions have been drawn about strong influence of the dynamics of industrial and consumer waste generation. Based on the conducted research, proposals for increasing investment activity in the sphere of waste management have been formulated. Discussion and Conclusion. The sphere of waste management has a high development potential enabling this sector of the Russian economy, with appropriate competent investment policy, to solve not only environmental, but also significant macroeconomic problems. The results obtained can be used when elaborating and implementing measures aimed at the development of a waste management system, the key exogenous parameter of which, determining the magnitude of the macroeconomic effect, is the volume of investment in the production of waste collection and processing equipment.

Methodological approaches to the use of the law of inertia in the development of socio-economic systems

The relevance of the proposed study is due to the application of Newton’s laws on the determination of speed and acceleration, which reflects the establishment of the actual specific weights of production factors by phases (stages) of the economies’ development of the countries in the world. By applying the laws of physics, the simplest methods have been developed for decomposing the absolute growth of GDP per capita, according to the factors that determine it. A model of economic growth is determined, which is similar in content to Newton’s first law of measuring the paths traveled with uniformly accelerated motion of matter. By calculation, the forecast parameters of the Russian economy can be determined, which determine the GDP per capita until 2030. At the same time, the basic factors of development (45%), investment in fixed assets (35%) and innovative (20%) remain the main factor in the development of global competitiveness in Russia. To do this, you need to gain the proper acceleration. We propose a new approach for assessing the economic stability of socio-economic systems, based on taking into account the mutual influence of the elements of large systems on each other. The novelty of the research lies in the use of the laws of inertia in the development of the economy, since the existing forecasting activity does not provide for obtaining promising changes in the volume and structure of the forecast. As the competitiveness of the countries of the world develops, the share of basic factors such as labor, capital and natural resources decreases significantly (from 50% in the first stage to 40% in the second, and up to 30% in the third stage of economic development). In the stage of high-tech development of the countries in the world, the proportion of factors of innovative development grows up to 30% comparing with 10% in the first two stages of its development. To illustrate the applied value, Newton’s second law was applied as an alternative method for preliminary estimation of the specific weights of three groups of production factors.

Determinants of Manufacturing Firms’ Financial Performance in Pakistan

Investment in working capital by and large shows better returns than investment in fixed assets. As such proper management of working capital rightfully attracts a lot of attention. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of size and working capital management efficiency on firms’ financial performance using 10 years (2004- 2013) secondary data of 153 firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange and employing regression and ratio analyses. Results show that performance-wise large firms are better whereas WCME-wise small and medium firms are better. These findings indicate that better performance of large firms is not because of efficient utilization of working capital - rather it may be due to some other factors and these firms can further improve their performance if working capital is managed more efficiently.

Estimation of factors affecting tax revenues to regional budgets

The purpose of this article is to identify and estimation of factors affecting tax revenues to the Russian’s regional budgets. The study identifies the following factors: gross regional product, average wage level, inflation rate, share of unprofitable organizations in the region, employment rate, share of agricultural sector, investment in fixed assets and share of exports. The model includes information on the areas of advanced socio-economic development in the region. The study is based on open data from 83 regions of the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2017, the total of 664 observations. Through the least-squares estimate of a model with fixed effects, a significant impact of the studied parameters is established. Thus, the paper identifies common features for all regions in the context of the analyzed indicators’ impact. The results of this study may be used in forecasting the revenue of regional budgets.

The Impact of Monetary Policy on the Investment Complex of Russia

An active discussion continues in Russia regarding the monetary instruments used and the degree of their impact on economic dynamics. The article examines the impact of the monetary policy implemented by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the investment complex in the period from 2000 to 2021. For this period, an analysis of the dependence characterizing the investment complex of Russia on the monetary policy is carried out. In the paper, the investment complex is considered with a breakdown into mechanical engineering, residential and non-residential construction, investments in fixed assets. At the same time, mechanical engineering is studied in detail with a breakdown into subsections of Russian National Classifier of Economic Activities and, additionally, for five enlarged industries. Most of the constructed regression equations demonstrate a statistically significant effect of indicators that are influenced by monetary policy instruments on the dynamics of the main indicators of the investment complex. For example, the interest rate affects the overwhelming number of variables under consideration, and the money supply affects each type of investment in fixed assets, in contrast to other independent variables. For the predominant part of the equations, the value of the coefficient of determination is more than 80%, which indicates a good quality of the model and reliably selected explanatory variables. Based on the results of the calculations, it was concluded that monetary policy has an impact on the investment complex of Russia. This determines its importance for the formation of promising dynamics of the Russian economy.

The Competitiveness of the Textile Industry in Vietnam: An analysis to the Period of a Decade

This paper analyzes the competitiveness of the textile and garment industry in Vietnam for the period 2010 to 2020. The analysis is performed using two approaches applied on both quantitative and qualitative aspects the Generalized Double Diamond Model (GDDM), analyzed international competitiveness of Vietnam’s G&T industry and compared it with China and impact variables of international competitiveness to market share (MS), trade competitiveness (TC) and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) are tested against the estimated coefficients of these variables. The results from show that Vietnam was less competitive than China and it is necessary to increase investment in fixed assets of VietNam's textile and garment industry, accelerate the rate of equipment upgrading, improve the level of industrialization, and at the same time increase the supply of spare parts. textile materials and lower the cost of raw materials prices, thereby reducing costs for textile enterprises. Keywords: Competitiveness, Diamond model, Garment & Textile, RCA index, Vietnam

ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES OF INVESTING FIXED CAPITAL AS A DRIVING FORCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN INDUSTRY

The article analyzes the factors that impede the development of the processes of investment of fixed capital in the Russian industry. It is substantiated that the forces restraining the modernization, renewal of fixed assets and the introduction of high technologies are mainly concentrated in the external environment of the industrial company. Based on the calculation of the coefficients of variation, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, and growth indices, the article analyzes the influence of the policy of sanctions pressure, the level of diversification and regional differentiation of the Russian economy on the processes of investment of fixed capital. A noticeable negative impact of the sanctions pressure on the Russian economy was noted. It was expressed in a decrease in the growth rate of investment in fixed assets. The positive impact of reciprocal protectionism was expressed in an increase in the diversification of the Russian economy and a decrease in regional differentiation in terms of investments in fixed assets.

Gross regional product: study of influencers

The relevance of the research topic is determined by special attention to issues of regional development in the state policy of the Republic of Belarus, the quality of life of 78.6% of the country's population depends on the level of development of the regions under study. The problem of regional development is the growing imbalances in development between the regions of the country and, as a result, undesirable interregional migration flows of the population and a reduction in the demographic potential of a number of territories, as well as the emergence of signs of depression in a number of areas. The analysis of recent publications makes it possible to verify an ongoing interest in the issue, but the drawback of most studies is the disclosure of the issue within one particular region, or the study of the growth of grp due to conventional factors. According to the authors, until the end of the unexplored, the dependence of the gross regional product on indirect, implicit factors remains. Particular attention is drawn to the author's indicators and their place in the GRP growth model. The aim of the study is to establish the influence of unconditional and indirect factors on the magnitude and dynamics of gross regional product, which will provide an opportunity to formalize the dependence of grp on these factors and subsequently apply the built model in practice. The study methods used in the work are comparison, grouping, correlation-regression analysis, econometric modeling, and a systemic approach. Results of work. The present study considers a set of indicators for six regions of the republic of belarus for the period from 2013 to 2019. Using econometric methods of analysis, the authors built a regression model of the dependence of grp per capita on four exogenous variables, analyzed the degree of influence of these variables and the possibility of impact on them by the state. The area of application of the study results is state policy aimed at the sustainable growth of the economies of the regions. Conclusions. In the constructed model of four exogenous variables, the unemployment rate and the rate of life of the population are most significant. However, according to the authors, in order to achieve the desired level of gross regional product, it is necessary to have a comprehensive impact on all variable models, among which, in descending order of importance, the level of unemployment, the rate of life of the population, the amount of industrial production per person employed in the economy, investment in fixed assets.

Fixed investment: Trend assessment

Subject. This article considers investment in fixed assets as an economic growth factor. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the field of investment in fixed assets in the Perm Krai, Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Results. The article presents the changes in and patterns of fixed investment for 2015–2019, and it assesses the level of fixed investment in the Russian Federation, Volga Federal District, and the Perm Krai. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to improve the effectiveness of management decisions on fixed capital investment.