Orchidectomy and the immune response. III. The effect of orchidectomy on tumour induction and transplantation in mice

1974 ◽  
Vol 186 (1085) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Immunity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Antitumour Effect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Treatment ◽  
Akr Mice ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Significant Protective Effect ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Tumour Transplantation

The effects of orchidectomy in Balb C mice on the induction and transplantation of tumours which are not obviously hormone dependent were studied. Orchidectomy prolongs the interval between subcutaneous injection of methylcholanthrene and appearance of subcutaneous sarcoma. In tumour transplantation experiments orchidectomy conferred a slight but significant protective effect when meth A tumour cells (which are syngeneic with Balb C mice) were grown in ascitic form and when the same cells grew as a solid subcutaneous tumour protection was increased. Protection was counteracted by administration of a.l.s. and partially abrogated by thymectomy combined with orchidectomy, findings that suggest alteration of cell mediated immunity as the mechanism of protection. Combination of cyclophosphamide treatment with orchidectomy increased the antitumour effect of orchidectomy alone. In contrast orchidectomy accelerates the appearance of spontaneous leukaemia in AKR mice which is known to be thymus dependent. The explanation is probably that orchidectomy, by causing thymic hypertrophy increases the number of cells at risk of malignant transformation. It is suggested that some of the beneficial effects of the endocrine treatments of cancer may result from alteration of host immunity and have therefore, a range of application wider than in the management of endocrine dependent tumours alone.

The Beneficial Effects of Postirradiation Treatment with Cobaltous Chloride on the Development of Nuclear Damage in Thymocytes, Erythropoiesis, and the Survival of Mice

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 812-818
Author(s):  
P. V. Vittorio ◽  
J. F. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Lymphocyte Population ◽  
Cobaltous Chloride ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nuclear Damage ◽  
Number Of Cells

Cobaltous chloride injected subcutaneously into mice immediately after irradiation decreases the number of cells with pyknotic nuclei appearing in the lymphocyte population of the thymus. In vitro studies show that the presence of cobaltous chloride in the incubating medium immediately after irradiation again lowers the subsequent appearance of cells with pyknotic nuclei. A subcutaneous injection of cobaltous chloride into mice immediately after irradiation also increases both erythropoietic recovery (as measured by the incorporation of 59Fe into blood and spleen) and survival.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L.

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolina K. Lukova ◽  
Diana P. Karcheva-Bahchevanska ◽  
Veselin P. Bivolarski ◽  
Rumen D. Mladenov ◽  
Ilia N. Iliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Hydrolysis Yield ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Water Extractable

AbstractBackground:Plantago majorL. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. Researchers have reported that hot water extracts ofPlantago majorpossess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves ofPlantago majorL. have different structures – pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans.Aim:The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated fromPlantago majorL. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases.Materials and methods:The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis.Results:The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides fromPlantago majorleaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected.Conclusion:The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides fromPlantago majorleaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry.

Beneficial effects of two forms of NO administration in feline splanchnic artery occlusion shock

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. G275-G281 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aoki ◽  
G. Johnson ◽  
A. M. Lefer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Splanchnic Artery ◽  
Significant Protective Effect

We studied the effects of nitric oxide (NO) solution and acidified sodium nitrite (NaNO2), which produces NO, in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in cats. NO is thought to be endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a labile substance having several potentially valuable biological effects. Anesthetized cats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries for 120 min, followed by reperfusion, usually died approximately 60 min after reperfusion. NO infusion significantly improved survival time in SAO-shock cats compared with those receiving vehicle (P less than 0.005). Administration of NO also attenuated the increase in plasma activities of the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D (P less than 0.05), total amino-nitrogen (P less than 0.001), and of the cardiotoxic peptide, myocardial depressant factor (MDF) (P less than 0.001). SAO-shock cats treated with NaNO2 at pH 2.0 also exhibited lower plasma cathepsin D (P less than 0.001), amino-nitrogen (P less than 0.05), and MDF activities (P less than 0.01), and survival time was also significantly improved (P less than 0.02). The same dose of NaNO2 infused at pH 7.4 failed to exert any significant protective effect. These results indicate that NO exerts beneficial effects in SAO shock in cats and suggest that exogenously administered NO may be a potentially useful therapeutic agent in splanchnic ischemic shock, probably via a cytoprotective rather than a vasodilator effect.

In vivo stimulatory effect of multi-component herbal remedy PADMA 28 on mitogen-induced proliferation of mice splenic lymphocytes and their chemokinetic activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-705
Author(s):  
P. Skopiński ◽  
D.M. Radomska-Leśniewska ◽  
I. Sokolnicka ◽  
B.J. Bałan ◽  
A.K. Siwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Splenic Lymphocytes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Padma 28

Abstract PADMA 28, a natural herbal multi-compound remedy originates from traditional Tibetan medicine and possesses a variety of beneficial effects on experimental and clinical models of inflammation and atherosclerosis, as well as angioprotecive, antioxidative and wound - healing properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo influence of this remedy on the in vitro mitogen- induced proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes and their chemokinetic activity in cell culture. The study was performed on 6-8 weeks old inbred Balb/c mice. PADMA28 was administered to mice per os in daily doses 5.8 mg (calculated from the highest dose recommended for human) or 0.085 mg (dose from the range of active doses of other herbal extracts containing polyphenolic substances used previously by us in experiments with mice), for 7 days. Control groups received water. Results: No substantial differences were observed between groups of mice fed with low and high PADMA doses. In both of them, response of splenic lymphocztes to mitogen PHA (p < 0.001) and their in vitro chemokinetic activity (p < 0.001 for low dose and p < 0.01 for high dose) were highly significantly increased as compared to the controls. Conclusion: The results of our investigations suggest that PADMA 28 can stimulate cell-mediated immunity in mice and might be used for this purpose in the wide spectrum of doses.

Protective role of parasites against the autoimmune diseases: a benefit of being host

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Naveen Dhingra ◽  
Shaligram Sharma ◽  
L. K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Life Threat ◽  
Stimulation Of

Parasites are the accomplished evaders of host immunity. Several life threat-ening disorders have been reported to be caused by them. But, at the same time their immunogenic effect in terms of stimulation of production of cyto-kines like IL-4 and IL-10 which can potentially stop the activation of self ag-gressive T lymphocyte may also not be overlooked. Several in-vivo experi-ments to explore the beneficial effects of parasites like helminthes, protozo-ans and others have been performed at various levels. The encouraging re-sults of them, depicting lasting protection against the chronic autoimmune disorders like diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Arthritis and Encephalomye-litis have attracted the scientific brains in last decade. Few of those studies with possible mechanisms of protective role of parasitic infections are criti-cally reviewed in the present article. Also, futures prospective to exploit the parasites for the treatment of such life challenging autoimmune disorders are discussed.

scholarly journals Food allergy and nutrition in early life: implications for later health

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Kumar Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Allergic diseases are a common cause of illness in most industrialized countries. Diet during early childhood is an important determinant of the development of allergy, particularly in high-risk infants who have a parental history of atopy. Maternal avoidance of highly-allergenic foods during pregnancy and lactation, prolonged exclusive breast-feeding, the use of a hydrolysed milk formula, and delayed introduction of dairy products, eggs, fish, nuts and soyabean are associated with a lower incidence of allergic symptoms and signs. These beneficial effects are observed for as long as 18 years of age. Similarly, nutrition and physical growth are important factors that influence immunocompetence and morbidity due to infections. Small-for-gestational age low-birth-weight infants show prolonged impairment of cell-mediated immunity, antibody responses and phagocyte function. Recent studies indicate the beneficial effect of moderate amounts of Zn given in the first 6 months of life. Thus, diet and nutrition in early life are crucial for the development of allergic and infectious disease throughout childhood and into adulthood.

Small intestinal amyogenesia and dysmyogenesia induced by morphine and loperamide

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. G282-G289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna ◽  
M. F. Otterson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Splanchnic Artery ◽  
Significant Protective Effect

We studied the effects of nitric oxide (NO) solution and acidified sodium nitrite (NaNO2), which produces NO, in splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in cats. NO is thought to be endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a labile substance having several potentially valuable biological effects. Anesthetized cats subjected to total occlusion of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries for 120 min, followed by reperfusion, usually died approximately 60 min after reperfusion. NO infusion significantly improved survival time in SAO-shock cats compared with those receiving vehicle (P less than 0.005). Administration of NO also attenuated the increase in plasma activities of the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D (P less than 0.05), total amino-nitrogen (P less than 0.001), and of the cardiotoxic peptide, myocardial depressant factor (MDF) (P less than 0.001). SAO-shock cats treated with NaNO2 at pH 2.0 also exhibited lower plasma cathepsin D (P less than 0.001), amino-nitrogen (P less than 0.05), and MDF activities (P less than 0.01), and survival time was also significantly improved (P less than 0.02). The same dose of NaNO2 infused at pH 7.4 failed to exert any significant protective effect. These results indicate that NO exerts beneficial effects in SAO shock in cats and suggest that exogenously administered NO may be a potentially useful therapeutic agent in splanchnic ischemic shock, probably via a cytoprotective rather than a vasodilator effect.

Beneficial effects of CpG DNA treatment on injury-induced changes in host immunity

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. S33-S34
Author(s):  
Satoshi Fujimi ◽  
Malcolm P. Mac Conmara ◽  
Ann M. McKenna ◽  
Adam Delisle ◽  
Peter H. Lapchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Immunity ◽  
Cpg Dna ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Induced Changes
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