scholarly journals Covariance of phenotypically plastic traits induces an adaptive shift in host selection behaviour

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1603) ◽  
pp. 2893-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee M Henry ◽  
Bernard D Roitberg ◽  
David R Gillespie

Flexibility in adult body size allows generalist parasitoids to use many host species at a cost of producing a range of adult sizes. Consequently, host selection behaviour must also maintain a level of flexibility as adult size is related to capture efficiency. In the present study, we investigated covariance of two plastic traits—size at pupation and host size selection behaviour—using Aphidius ervi reared on either Acyrthosiphon pisum or Aulacorthum solani , generating females of disparate sizes. Natal host was shown to change the ranking of perceived host quality with relation to host size. Parasitoids preferentially attacked hosts that corresponded to the size of the second instar of their natal host species. This resulted in optimal host selection behaviour when parasitoids were exposed to the same host species from which they emerged. Parasitoid size was positively correlated with host size preference, indicating that females use relative measurements when selecting suitable hosts. These coadapted gene complexes allow generalist parasitoids to effectively use multiple host species over several generations. However, the fixed nature of the behavioural response, within a parasitoid's lifetime, suggests that these traits may have evolved in a patchy host species environment.

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha B. Pungerl

AbstractLaboratory studies were carried out on different populations of Aphidius ervi Hal., A. picipes (Nees) and A. rhopalosiphi De Stef. collected in England from Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Sitobion spp., Microlophium carnosum (Buckt.) and Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.). When mated females from each population were confined separately with 4–5 other species of these and other genera, each population varied in their host preferences, even though individual populations of each species were electrophoretically and morphometrically homogeneous. These host preferences differed in terms of fecundity. Different populations of Aphidius ervi exhibited markedly different host ranges. This behaviour is probably conditioned rather than inherited, and its significance to biological control is discussed. The results suggest a need to assess quantitatively the effect of temperature, host size and host species on the parasitoids' ability to control pest aphids.


BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Colinet ◽  
Caroline Anselme ◽  
Emeline Deleury ◽  
Donato Mancini ◽  
Julie Poulain ◽  
...  

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RUIZ DANIELS ◽  
S. BELTRAN ◽  
R. POULIN ◽  
C. LAGRUE

SUMMARYHost exploitation induces host defence responses and competition between parasites, resulting in individual parasites facing highly variable environments. Alternative life strategies may thus be expressed in context-dependent ways, depending on which host species is used and intra-host competition between parasites. Coitocaecum parvum (Trematode) can use facultative progenesis in amphipod intermediate hosts, Paracalliope fluviatilis, to abbreviate its life cycle in response to such environmental factors. Coitocaecum parvum also uses another amphipod host, Paracorophium excavatum, a species widely different in size and ecology from P. fluviatilis. In this study, parasite infection levels and strategies in the two amphipod species were compared to determine whether the adoption of progenesis by C. parvum varied between these two hosts. Potential differences in size and/or egg production between C. parvum individuals according to amphipod host species were also investigated. Results show that C. parvum life strategy was not influenced by host species. In contrast, host size significantly affected C. parvum strategy, size and egg production. Since intra-host interactions between co-infecting parasites also influenced C. parvum strategy, size and fecundity, it is highly likely that within-host resource limitations affect C. parvum life strategy and overall fitness regardless of host species.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
Martin Luquet ◽  
Clarice Moulin ◽  
Anne-Marie Cortesero ◽  
Sylvia Anton ◽  
Bruno Jaloux

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena López-de Buen ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas

Frugivorous birds play an important role in parasitic mistletoe transmission among host species. The foraging behaviour and host selection of Psittacanthus schiedeanus mistletoe fruit-eating birds was studied in cloud forest remnants in Central Veracruz, México. Cedar waxwings, Bombycilla cedrorum, gray silky-flycatchers, Ptilogonys cinereus, and social flycatchers, Myiozetetes similis, eating ripe whole mistletoe fruits and defecating or regurgitating the seeds were observed. That variation in host species selection by frugivorous birds had a direct effect on mistletoe dispersion was hypothesized. To test whether mistletoe host species are visited in proportion to their abundance (total number of trees), or infested-tree abundance (total number of infested trees), or abundance of mistletoes (total number of individual mistletoe plants in each host species), the number of trees, infested trees and individual mistletoe plants were recorded. Tree abundance, infested-tree abundance and mistletoe abundance were different among host species. Frequency of birds' visits to host species varied depending on the tree, infested-tree, or mistletoe abundance. Liquidambar styraciflua was the most abundant host species with the highest number of infested trees and individual mistletoe plants, but Persea americana and Crataegus mexicana host species had the highest number of individual mistletoe plants in each tree. Our data suggest that L. styraciflua was the most selected host species by the three frugivorous birds. Host selection by birds is one behavioural factor in explaining differences in prevalence among host species, and variation in infection levels among individuals of one host species.RESUMEN. Las aves frugívoras juegan un importante papel en la transmisión de muérdagos parásitos hacia sus árboles hospederos. La conducta de forrajeo y selección de hospedero de aves consumidoras de frutos del muérdago Psittacanthus schiedeanus fueron estudiados en remanentes de bosque mesófilo de montaña del Centro de Veracruz, México. Bombycilla cedrorum, Ptilogonys cinereus and Myiozetetes similis fueron observados consumiendo frutos maduros enteros y defecando o regurgitando las semillas. Hipotetizamos que la variación en la selección de la especie hospedera por las aves frugívoras tiene un efecto directo en la dispersión del muérdago. Para probar si las especies de árboles hospederos son visitadas en proporción a su abundancia (número total de árboles), o la abundancia de hospederos infectados (número de árboles infectados) o la abundancia de muérdagos (número total de plantas individuales de muérdago en una sola especie de árbol); el número de árboles, árboles infestados y plantas de muérdago fueron registradas. La abundancia de árboles, de árboles infestados y de plantas de muérdago fue diferente entre las especies de árboles estudiadas. La frecuencia de visitas de las aves a las especies hospederas varió de acuerdo a la abundancia de árboles, de árboles infestados y de plantas de muérdago. Liquidambar styraciflua fue la especie hospedera más abundante con el mayor número de árboles infestados y abundancia de muérdagos, pero las especies Persea americana y Crataegus mexicana presentaron el mayor número de plantas de múerdago por árbol. Nuestros datos sugieren que L. styraciflua fue la especie hospedera más seleccionada por las aves frugívoras. La selección de hospederos por las aves es uno de los factores conductuales que explican las diferencias en prevalencia entre especies de hospedero, y la variación en los niveles de infestación entre individuos de una de las especies de hospedero.


1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bai

AbstractConspecific host discrimination and larval competition in two aphid parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory using the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), as a host. Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) used internal host cues to discriminate between unparasitized and conspecific parasitized hosts. When only parasitized hosts were available, females oviposited into recently parasitized ones where their progeny had a good chance to survive, but rejected those parasitized ≥24 h earlier where their offspring normally died. Competitions occurred only after both eggs had hatched. Larvae eliminated supernumeraries by means of physical combat and physiological suppression. In Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), factors, or changes in host internal condition, associated with hatching of the first egg resulted in suppression of conspecific competitors which could be in either larval or egg stage. The older larvae always won competitions through physiological means. A wasp’s oviposition decision is shown to be influenced by the probability of its progeny’s survival. Species that have different reproductive strategies may respond differently to identical host conditions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Velasco-Hernández ◽  
N. Desneux ◽  
M.M. Ramírez-Martínez ◽  
L. Cicero ◽  
R. Ramirez-Romero
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Trotta ◽  
Pierluigi Forlano ◽  
Patrizia Falabella ◽  
Donatella Battaglia ◽  
Paolo Fanti

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Libbrecht ◽  
D. M. Gwynn ◽  
M. D. E. Fellowes

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