A taxonomic, genetic and ecological data resource for the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland

The vascular flora of Britain and Ireland is among the most extensively studied in the world, but the current knowledge base is fragmentary, with taxonomic, ecological and genetic information scattered across different resources. Here we present the first comprehensive data repository of native and alien species optimized for fast and easy online access for ecological, evolutionary and conservation analyses. The inventory is based on the most recent reference flora of Britain and Ireland, with taxon names linked to unique Kew taxon identifiers and DNA barcode data. Our data resource for 3,227 species and 26 traits includes existing and unpublished genome sizes, chromosome numbers and life strategy and life-form assessments, along with existing data on functional traits, species distribution metrics, hybrid propensity, associated biomes, realized niche description, native status and geographic origin of alien species. This resource will facilitate both fundamental and applied research and enhance our understanding of the flora’s composition and temporal changes to inform conservation efforts in the face of ongoing climate change and biodiversity loss.

Problems of Implementation of the State Youth Policy in the Reflection of Regional Youth

Introduction. The relevance of the research is due to the modern transformation of the institute of state youth policy, the change in its functions, and the need to reflect on the results of outgoing forms of administration and work with youth. Based on the conducted research, the article assesses the satisfaction of young people with the organization of the main measures to support all of their life strategies implemented by the governing bodies in the field of state youth policy. Materials and Methods. The results of a survey of young people aged 16 to 30, conducted in the Belgorod Region in 2020-2021, were used as the research materials. Based on the developed tools, including using online forms, 866 respondents were interviewed; students and working youth were interviewed through a street survey. The uniformity of diagnostics for each life strategy made it possible to obtain a comparative evaluation matrix in all areas of the state youth policy. Results. Regional Russian youth have given a reflexive assessment of the key problematic points in the implementation of the state youth policy and youth support; their interest in and the potential of involvement in activities and projects related to youth issues have been revealed. A map of youth satisfaction with the activities proposed by the governing bodies in the field of the state youth policy has been drawn. Discussion and Conclusion. The youth satisfaction with the situation that exists today in the field of state youth policy management is assessed as quite low, which makes it possible to conclude that the proposed measures are insufficiently effective and to raise the question of proposing new formats and strategies for developing work with youth. The research materials may be in demand by state youth policy administration bodies, state and municipal government bodies, youth organizations, and educational institutions. The data obtained can be a scientific increment for sectoral sociology (sociology of youth) in the methodological and demonstrative terms.

Biography in the aspect of cultural communication of an artist and audience

The purpose of the article is to reveal the communicative potential of the master's biography, to prove its influence on the cultural dialogue between humanity and the achievements of the artist. The research methodology is to apply a number of approaches: analytical – to comprehend the literature on the topic of the article; interdisciplinary - for a comprehensive study of factual material and in obtaining new knowledge; systemic using a whole range of methods (biographical, semiotic, culturological, hermeneutic, historical, theoretical generalization) – comprehending the stated quest, etc. Scientific novelty – for the first time in the national humanities, biography is explained as the way of civilizational contact between the creator and the public, the translator of the most important meanings of the era. Conclusions. The publication states that the artist's biography is an important component of the communicative space of nowadays. It embodies the anthropological dimensions of history, the worldview of the day through the coverage of the hero's life, his significant achievements. The author of the chronicles builds the life strategy of the master in such a way that he becomes clear to the recipients of any period. An analysis of the chronicle reveals the richness of symbolic forms of cultural contact associated with works of art, epoch-making features and social circumstances, and so on. In unity, they affect the perception of the artist's image. This process is carried out by the public as a result of decoding spiritual information in accordance with existing norms, traditions of a particular time, awareness of the existential and creative experience of the character. Biography as a means of communication demonstrates freedom from ideological, social limitations, as it allows communication of individuals of different eras, removes territorial, speech, social, and others barriers. Due to their ability to embody the universal concepts of civilization, the chronicles express not only the story of the artist, but also allow the modern recipient to express himself. Thus the listener (viewer) through the biography is in contact with the master, his time, humanity. Keywords: biography, cultural communication, artist, audience.

Emotional intelligence: how to learn to understand your own and others' emotions

Emotional intelligence is a kind of foundation of the personality pyramid. The larger the volume of this pyramid, the more opportunities and influence a person can have on its own life, the lives of other people and on the world as a whole. All four profiles are equally promising. To build an effective life strategy, you need to understand your strong drivers and pay attention to the weak ones. In conjunction with the IQ vector of intelligence, emotional intelligence forms the life strategy of the "Creators". It helps to realize a person's potential and reach the top level of self-realization. The purpose is to substantiate the question of how to develop emotional intelligence. Emotional reactions affect cognitive processes and thinking, because by adapting and tuning to optimal waves, information is better perceived by a person. The authors used different methods: the ontological principle of genetically meaningful logic, a method of transforming concrete images of objects based on their abstract essence. To stimulate thinking, it is necessary to understand emotions well. The results of our study indicate the effectiveness of the implementation of these techniques and exercises for the development of emotional intelligence in high school students (that is, my peers). Thus, the analysis of theoretical sources and our own research has shown that the development of emotional intelligence requires the gradual formation of cognitive, affective and behavioral components of emotional intelligence through the integrated application of active methods for the development of emotional intelligence in high school students.

Penggunaan Salam Smart dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Mental dan Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan pada Kelompok Pengajian

ENGLISHThe covid-19 pandemic that has occurred for a long time brings changes in the entire order of human life, including religion. Religious and social activities, like "pengajian" must immediately adapt to the new norms. An educational program is needed to ensure that every activity in "pengajian" group complies with the health protocols and reduces the potential for the emergence of new Covid-19 clusters. "Salam Smart" Program is a Healthy and Happy Life Strategy in the pandemic period. It is hoped to increase the implementation of health protocols and mental health of the members of this community. This study aimed to describe the contribution of “Salam Smart” Program on mental health improvement and the implementation of health protocols in the "pengajian" group. There were 29 participants to determine the effectiveness of the program. Data were collected using the Prokesmen Scale consisting of subscales i.e. the Health Protocol Scale (Reliability 0.875), and the Mental Health Scale (Rel = 0.796). The descriptive quantitative data analysis was applied and resulted that there was an increase of 2.62 in the application of health care and 3.92 in mental health. It can be concluded that the “Salam Smart” Education Program can be carried on as a strategy to live a healthy and happy life during the pandemic. INDONESIAPandemi Covid-19 yang cukup panjang tentunya membawa perubahan pada seluruh tatanan kehidupan manusia, termasuk agama. Kegiatan keagamaan dan sosial harus segera beradaptasi dengan norma-norma baru. Untuk memastikan setiap kegiatan sesuai dengan protokol kesehatan dan mengurangi potensi munculnya klaster Covid-19 baru dari kelompok pengajian, perlu diadakan program edukasi. Melalui Program “Salam Cerdas” sebagai Strategi Hidup Sehat dan Bahagia di Masa Pandemi. Program ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penerapan protokol kesehatan dan kesehatan jiwa para anggota komunitas pengajian. Ada 29 peserta untuk menentukan efektivitas program. Pengumpulan data menggunakan Skala Prokesmen yang terdiri dari subskala yaitu Skala Protokol Kesehatan (Reliabilitas 0,875), dan Skala Kesehatan Jiwa (Rel = 0,796). Analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan 2,62 dalam penerapan perawatan kesehatan dan 3,92 dalam kesehatan mental. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Program Pendidikan “Salam Cerdas” dapat dijadikan sebagai strategi untuk hidup sehat dan bahagia di masa pandemi.

Microbial Necromass in Soils—Linking Microbes to Soil Processes and Carbon Turnover

The organic matter of living plants is the precursor material of the organic matter stored in terrestrial soil ecosystems. Although a great deal of knowledge exists on the carbon turnover processes of plant material, some of the processes of soil organic matter (SOM) formation, in particular from microbial necromass, are still not fully understood. Recent research showed that a larger part of the original plant matter is converted into microbial biomass, while the remaining part in the soil is modified by extracellular enzymes of microbes. At the end of its life, microbial biomass contributes to the microbial molecular imprint of SOM as necromass with specific properties. Next to appropriate environmental conditions, heterotrophic microorganisms require energy-containing substrates with C, H, O, N, S, P, and many other elements for growth, which are provided by the plant material and the nutrients contained in SOM. As easily degradable substrates are often scarce resources in soil, we can hypothesize that microbes optimize their carbon and energy use. Presumably, microorganisms are able to mobilize biomass building blocks (mono and oligomers of fatty acids, amino acids, amino sugars, nucleotides) with the appropriate stoichiometry from microbial necromass in SOM. This is in contrast to mobilizing only nutrients and consuming energy for new synthesis from primary metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle after complete degradation of the substrates. Microbial necromass is thus an important resource in SOM, and microbial mining of building blocks could be a life strategy contributing to priming effects and providing the resources for new microbial growth cycles. Due to the energy needs of microorganisms, we can conclude that the formation of SOM through microbial biomass depends on energy flux. However, specific details and the variability of microbial growth, carbon use and decay cycles in the soil are not yet fully understood and linked to other fields of soil science. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on microbial energy gain, carbon use, growth, decay, and necromass formation for relevant soil processes, e. g. the microbial carbon pump, C storage, and stabilization. We highlight the factors controlling microbial necromass contribution to SOM and the implications for soil carbon use efficiency (CUE) and we identify research needs for process-based SOM turnover modelling and for understanding the variability of these processes in various soil types under different climates.

Status and life strategy of Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae) in the South-Eastern Crimea

This article presents the results of the population studies of rare protected species Orchis punctulata (Orchidaceae). Based on analysis of local floras in eastern and southeastern Crimea and personal observations, we identified the three most numerous populations of O. punctulata: two in the steppe (on the Tepe-Oba mountain ridge) and one in forest communities (on the Kiziltash mountain ridge). The ontogenetic, demographic, and vitality structures of the populations were studied. We also assessed the life strategies of the species in different habitats. The populations in steppe communities were characterized by high number and density parameters. O. punctulate often formed large clusters and was dominated here. A small number and low density characterized the population in the forest community; the distribution of individuals within the population was scattered. The age spectra were also different. The populations in steppe communities had a left-sided spectrum with a maximum in immature individuals, while in forest communities, it had a bimodal spectrum with maximums in generative (with a predominance of mature and old generative) and immature individuals. Specimens from forest communities were more extensive than those of steppe communities, they had longer leaves and inflorescences, and their inflorescences had a more significant number of flowers. As a result, the population in the forest community had a higher vitality index. It included individuals of the highest and middle class of vitality. The populations in the steppe community consisted of all classes of vitality or only of middle and lower classes. Thus, optimal environmental conditions for the growth of species are in forests. At the same time, a low level of regeneration and competition from other plants hinder its wide distribution. As a result, the species exserts as a phytocenotic patient (S-strategy). In steppe communities, the species is characterized by a mixed patient-explerant-violant strategy (SRC strategy).

On the Dominant Lunisolar Perturbations for Long-Term Eccentricity Variation: The Case of Molniya Satellite Orbits

The aim of this work is to investigate the main dominant terms of lunisolar perturbations that affect the orbital eccentricity of a Molniya satellite in the long term. From a practical point of view, these variations are important in the context of space situational awareness—for instance, to model the long-term evolution of artificial debris in a highly elliptical orbit or to design a reentry end-of-life strategy for a satellite in a highly elliptical orbit. The study assumes a doubly averaged model including the Earth’s oblateness effect and the lunisolar perturbations up to the third-order expansion. The work presents three important novelties with respect to the literature. First, the perturbing terms are ranked according to their amplitudes and periods. Second, the perturbing bodies are not assumed to move on circular orbits. Third, the lunisolar effect on the precession of the argument of pericenter is analyzed and discussed. As an example of theoretical a application, we depict the phase space description associated with each dominant term, taken as isolated, and we show which terms can apply to the relevant dynamics in the same region.

Trajectories of aquatic insect functional groups along the resistance/resilience axis when facing water flow changes

1. Understanding how differences in intensity and frequency of hydrological disturbances affect the resistance and resilience of aquatic organisms is key to manage aquatic systems in a fast-changing world. Organisms’ responses to environmental changes can be influenced by different life strategies. Some aquatic organisms have strategies that improve the permanence in aquatic systems, while others use strategies that enhance colonization. 2. Therefore, we carried out a manipulative experiment to understand the resistance/resilience of aquatic insects based on their functional characteristics to hydrological disturbances in streams in the Cerrado hotspot. 3. We placed 200 artificial substrates in five streams and submitted them to changing water flow regimes that differed both in frequency and intensity. Then we observed the response of the aquatic community for 39 days. We used a Hierarchical Bayesian strategy approach to estimate the probabilities of permanence and colonization of each life strategy group (nine groups). 4. We observe that the most intense changes in the water flow tend to affect the permanence of almost all groups. However, this effect was reduced in intensity over time. On the other hand, less frequent disturbances, regardless of intensity, tend to reduce the permanence of most groups of aquatic insects over time. The difference in the effect of disturbance regarding intensity (higher or lower) may be related to a greater dispersal capacity of some groups. 5. These results are worrisome in a scenario of reduced riparian vegetation around streams and with the expectation of precipitation to become more concentrated in shorter periods of time due to climate change in the Cerrado hotspot. Together, these anthropogenic changes tend to increase the effect of runoff on the lotic systems and, consequently, reduces the permanence of many groups of aquatic insects in their habitat, particularly those with traits associated with permanence.