scholarly journals Cooperative problem solving in rooks ( Corvus frugilegus )

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1641) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Seed ◽  
Nicola S Clayton ◽  
Nathan J Emery
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Test Room ◽  
Cooperative Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Corvus Frugilegus

Recent work has shown that captive rooks, like chimpanzees and other primates, develop cooperative alliances with their conspecifics. Furthermore, the pressures hypothesized to have favoured social intelligence in primates also apply to corvids. We tested cooperative problem-solving in rooks to compare their performance and cognition with primates. Without training, eight rooks quickly solved a problem in which two individuals had to pull both ends of a string simultaneously in order to pull in a food platform. Similar to chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys, performance was better when within-dyad tolerance levels were higher. In contrast to chimpanzees, rooks did not delay acting on the apparatus while their partner gained access to the test room. Furthermore, given a choice between an apparatus that could be operated individually over one that required the action of two individuals, four out of six individuals showed no preference. These results may indicate that cooperation in chimpanzees is underpinned by more complex cognitive processes than that in rooks. Such a difference may arise from the fact that while both chimpanzees and rooks form cooperative alliances, chimpanzees, but not rooks, live in a variable social network made up of competitive and cooperative relationships.

Cooperative Problem Solving in Environmental Protection on the Inland Waterways

1998 ◽  
Vol 1620 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Steven M. Wischmann
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Cooperative Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Inclusive Processes

The challenges and opportunities presented by cooperative problem solving between industry and government in the area of environmental protection are addressed. Factors believed to contribute to productive regulatory enforcement and compliance and the related value of inclusive processes aimed at enhancing understanding and respect between regulators and the regulated are explored. Cooperative problem solving is important to the inland transportation community because of its substantial participation in the transport of oil and chemical commodities. All of the inland transportation industry’s interests can be positively impacted by partnerships of high quality and preventive actions resulting from people’s initiatives and their associated dialogue. The U.S. Coast Guard formally established the Prevention Through People (PTP) Initiative in 1995 to emphasize the need for and benefit from cooperative relationships between the Coast Guard and the industries it is charged with regulating. Through focusing on prevention, the PTP effort and similar initiatives such as Quality Partnerships can energize all aspects of safe and efficient maritime operations. The pollution legislation passed over the past 25 years has in various ways intended to address minimizing spills or their impact. These legislative efforts cannot be effective without the thoughtful enactment and enforcement of laws by government officials and the committed adherence to the laws by the regulated industries. It is for this reason that the PTP Initiative resonates today—the various participants can work together to determine the best ways to achieve the goals of pollution prevention policy.

Social network changes during the development of immature capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Primates ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Carla Coelho de Lima ◽  
Renata Gonçalves Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys

scholarly journals Remote Virtual Simulation for Incident Commanders—Cognitive Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6434
Author(s):  
Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark ◽  
Maria Monika Metallinou ◽  
Ilona Heldal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Virtual Simulation ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Case Research ◽  
Action Case

Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, on-site Incident Commander (IC) practical training and examinations in Sweden were canceled as of March 2020. The graduation of one IC class was, however, conducted through Remote Virtual Simulation (RVS), the first such examination to our current knowledge. This paper presents the necessary enablers for setting up RVS and its influence on cognitive aspects of assessing practical competences. Data were gathered through observations, questionnaires, and interviews from students and instructors, using action-case research methodology. The results show the potential of RVS for supporting higher cognitive processes, such as recognition, comprehension, problem solving, decision making, and allowed students to demonstrate whether they had achieved the required learning objectives. Other reported benefits were the value of not gathering people (imposed by the pandemic), experiencing new, challenging incident scenarios, increased motivation for applying RVS based training both for students and instructors, and reduced traveling (corresponding to 15,400 km for a class). While further research is needed for defining how to integrate RVS in practical training and assessment for IC education and for increased generalizability, this research pinpoints current benefits and limitations, in relation to the cognitive aspects and in comparison, to previous examination formats.

Certain models of granular computing based on rough fuzzy approximations

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 2797-2816
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Anam Luqman ◽  
Ahmad N. Al-Kenani
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Granular Computing ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Accuracy Measures ◽  
Lower And Upper Approximations

An extraction of granular structures using graphs is a powerful mathematical framework in human reasoning and problem solving. The visual representation of a graph and the merits of multilevel or multiview of granular structures suggest the more effective and advantageous techniques of problem solving. In this research study, we apply the combinative theories of rough fuzzy sets and rough fuzzy digraphs to extract granular structures. We discuss the accuracy measures of rough fuzzy approximations and measure the distance between lower and upper approximations. Moreover, we consider the adjacency matrix of a rough fuzzy digraph as an information table and determine certain indiscernible relations. We also discuss some general geometric properties of these indiscernible relations. Further, we discuss the granulation of certain social network models using rough fuzzy digraphs. Finally, we develop and implement some algorithms of our proposed models to granulate these social networks.

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