scholarly journals Genome size correlates with reproductive fitness in seed beetles

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1815) ◽  
pp. 20151421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Arnqvist ◽  
Ahmed Sayadi ◽  
Elina Immonen ◽  
Cosima Hotzy ◽  
Daniel Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
Seed Beetles

The ultimate cause of genome size (GS) evolution in eukaryotes remains a major and unresolved puzzle in evolutionary biology. Large-scale comparative studies have failed to find consistent correlations between GS and organismal properties, resulting in the ‘ C -value paradox’. Current hypotheses for the evolution of GS are based either on the balance between mutational events and drift or on natural selection acting upon standing genetic variation in GS. It is, however, currently very difficult to evaluate the role of selection because within-species studies that relate variation in life-history traits to variation in GS are very rare. Here, we report phylogenetic comparative analyses of GS evolution in seed beetles at two distinct taxonomic scales, which combines replicated estimation of GS with experimental assays of life-history traits and reproductive fitness. GS showed rapid and bidirectional evolution across species, but did not show correlated evolution with any of several indices of the relative importance of genetic drift. Within a single species, GS varied by 4–5% across populations and showed positive correlated evolution with independent estimates of male and female reproductive fitness. Collectively, the phylogenetic pattern of GS diversification across and within species in conjunction with the pattern of correlated evolution between GS and fitness provide novel support for the tenet that natural selection plays a key role in shaping GS evolution.

scholarly journals Mapping the adaptive landscape of a major agricultural pathogen reveals evolutionary constraints across heterogeneous environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Dutta ◽  
Fanny E. Hartmann ◽  
Carolina Sardinha Francisco ◽  
Bruce A. McDonald ◽  
Daniel Croll
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractThe adaptive potential of pathogens in novel or heterogeneous environments underpins the risk of disease epidemics. Antagonistic pleiotropy or differential resource allocation among life-history traits can constrain pathogen adaptation. However, we lack understanding of how the genetic architecture of individual traits can generate trade-offs. Here, we report a large-scale study based on 145 global strains of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici from four continents. We measured 50 life-history traits, including virulence and reproduction on 12 different wheat hosts and growth responses to several abiotic stressors. To elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation, we used genome-wide association mapping coupled with genetic correlation analyses. We show that most traits are governed by polygenic architectures and are highly heritable suggesting that adaptation proceeds mainly through allele frequency shifts at many loci. We identified negative genetic correlations among traits related to host colonization and survival in stressful environments. Such genetic constraints indicate that pleiotropic effects could limit the pathogen’s ability to cause host damage. In contrast, adaptation to abiotic stress factors was likely facilitated by synergistic pleiotropy. Our study illustrates how comprehensive mapping of life-history trait architectures across diverse environments allows to predict evolutionary trajectories of pathogens confronted with environmental perturbations.

scholarly journals Diversity in genome size and GC content shows adaptive potential in orchids and is closely linked to partial endoreplication, plant life‐history traits and climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
pp. 1642-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Trávníček ◽  
Martin Čertner ◽  
Jan Ponert ◽  
Zuzana Chumová ◽  
Jana Jersáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Plant Life

scholarly journals Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in aDrosophilaparastitoid,Asobara tabida

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joffrey Moiroux ◽  
Joan van Baaren ◽  
Mathilde Poyet ◽  
Aude Couty ◽  
Patrice Eslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Asobara Tabida ◽  
Selection For

Power and Evolutionary Fitness of Teleosts

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Surplus Power

The use of optimization arguments in evolutionary biology has been criticized because the methodology requires an assumption about what is being maximized by natural selection. As optimality arguments are often a priori and always speculative, the critics point out that there is no theoretical basis for any maximization principles in biology. They contend that only empirical work can establish if there are some properties of species that are generally maximized by natural selection. I accept this standard for evaluation, and argue that the concept of surplus power, which provides a physiological basis for optimal foraging and life history theory, is related to fitness. Evidence in the form of specific morphological and behavioral traits in teleost fishes is presented to demonstrate that natural selection has increased surplus power. Life history theory is concerned with how power is allocated by organisms to various vital functions; therefore, the specific problem of stock and recruitment in fisheries can be treated as a special application of life history theory. Some implications about the dynamics and possible survival value of different reproductive strategies exhibited by teleosts are discussed.Key words: surplus power, evolutionary biology, optimal foraging, life history theory, fitness

scholarly journals On the Tempo of Genome Size Evolution in Angiosperms

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. Beaulieu ◽  
Stephen A. Smith ◽  
Ilia J. Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution

Broadly sampled phylogenies have uncovered extreme deviations from a molecular clock with the rates of molecular substitution varying dramatically within/among lineages. While growth form, a proxy for life history, is strongly correlated with molecular rate heterogeneity, its influence on trait evolution has yet to be examined. Here, we explore genome size evolution in relation to growth form by combining recent advances in large-scale phylogeny construction with model-based phylogenetic comparative methods. We construct phylogenies for Monocotyledonae (monocots) and Fabaceae (legumes), including all species with genome size information, and assess whether rates of genome size evolution depend on growth form. We found that the rates of genome size evolution for woody lineages were consistently an order of magnitude slower than those of herbaceous lineages. Our findings also suggest that growth form constrains genome size evolution, not through consequences associated with the phenotype, but instead through the influence of life history attributes on the tempo of evolution. Consequences associated with life history now extend to genomic evolution and may shed light on the frequently observed threshold effect of genome size variation on higher phenotypic traits.

scholarly journals Large-scale gene flow in the barnacle Jehlius cirratus and contrasts with other broadly-distributed taxa along the Chilean coast

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoying Guo ◽  
John P Wares
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

We evaluate the population genetic structure of the intertidal barnacle Jehlius cirratus across a broad portion of its geographic distribution using data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene region. Despite sampling diversity from over 3000km of the linear range of this species, there is only slight regional structure indicated, with overall ΦCT of 0.036 (p<0.001) yet no support for isolation by distance. While these results suggest greater structure than previous studies of J. cirratus had indicated, the pattern of diversity is still far more subtle than in other similarly-distributed species with similar larval and life history traits. We compare these data and results with recent findings in four other intertidal species that have planktotrophic larvae. There are no clear patterns among these taxa that can be associated with intertidal depth or other known life history traits.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to Fishing and Life History Traits Correlate with the Load of Deleterious Mutations in Teleosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2192-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rolland ◽  
Dolph Schluter ◽  
Jonathan Romiguier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Deleterious Mutation ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Genome Data

Abstract Understanding why some species accumulate more deleterious substitutions than others is an important question relevant in evolutionary biology and conservation sciences. Previous studies conducted in terrestrial taxa suggest that life history traits correlate with the efficiency of purifying selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations. Using a large genome data set of 76 species of teleostean fishes, we show that species with life history traits associated with vulnerability to fishing have an increased rate of deleterious mutation accumulation (measured via dN/dS, i.e., nonsynonymous over synonymous substitution rate). Our results, focusing on a large clade of aquatic species, generalize previous patterns found so far in few clades of terrestrial vertebrates. These results also show that vulnerable species to fishing inherently accumulate more deleterious substitutions than nonthreatened ones, which illustrates the potential links among population genetics, ecology, and fishing policies to prevent species extinction.

scholarly journals The Modulation of DNA Content: Proximate Causes and Ultimate Consequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
Paul D.N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Character State ◽  
Selfish Dna ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Chromosomal Architecture ◽  
Somatic Genome ◽  
Abrupt Shifts

The forces responsible for modulating the large-scale features of the genome remain one of the most difficult issues confronting evolutionary biology. Although diversity in chromosomal architecture, nucleotide composition, and genome size has been well documented, there is little understanding of either the evolutionary origins or impact of much of this variation. The 80,000-fold divergence in genome sizes among eukaryotes represents perhaps the greatest challenge for genomic holists. Although some researchers continue to characterize much variation in genome size as a mere by-product of an intragenomic selfish DNA “free-for-all” there is increasing evidence for the primacy of selection in molding genome sizes via impacts on cell size and division rates. Moreover, processes inducing quantum or doubling series variation in gametic or somatic genome sizes are common. These abrupt shifts have broad effects on phenotypic attributes at both cellular and organismal levels and may play an important role in explaining episodes of rapid—or even saltational—character state evolution.

scholarly journals Correlated evolution of sex and reproductive mode in corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1702) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Kerr ◽  
Andrew H. Baird ◽  
Terry P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Evolutionary Pathway ◽  
Sexual Systems ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Taxonomic Patterns

Sexuality and reproductive mode are two fundamental life-history traits that exhibit largely unexplained macroevolutionary patterns among the major groups of multicellular organisms. For example, the cnidarian class Anthozoa (corals and anemones) is mainly comprised of gonochoric (separate sex) brooders or spawners, while one order, Scleractinia (skeleton-forming corals), appears to be mostly hermaphroditic spawners. Here, using the most complete phylogeny of scleractinians, we reconstruct how evolutionary transitions between sexual systems (gonochorism versus hermaphrodism) and reproductive modes (brooding versus spawning) have generated large-scale taxonomic patterns in these characters. Hermaphrodites have independently evolved in three large, distantly related lineages consisting of mostly reef-building species. Reproductive mode in corals has evolved at twice the rate of sexuality, while the evolution of sexuality has been heavily biased: gonochorism is over 100 times more likely to be lost than gained, and can only be acquired by brooders. This circuitous evolutionary pathway accounts for the prevalence of hermaphroditic spawners among reef-forming scleractinians, despite their ancient gonochoric heritage.

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