scholarly journals Life-history traits and habitat availability shape genomic diversity in birds: implications for conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1961) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brüniche-Olsen ◽  
Kenneth F. Kellner ◽  
Jerrold L. Belant ◽  
J. Andrew DeWoody
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Habitat Availability

More than 25% of species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are threatened with extinction. Understanding how environmental and biological processes have shaped genomic diversity may inform management practices. Using 68 extant avian species, we parsed the effects of habitat availability and life-history traits on genomic diversity over time to provide a baseline for conservation efforts. We used published whole-genome sequence data to estimate overall genomic diversity as indicated by historical long-term effective population sizes ( N e ) and current genomic variability ( H ), then used environmental niche modelling to estimate Pleistocene habitat dynamics for each species. We found that N e and H were positively correlated with habitat availability and related to key life-history traits (body mass and diet), suggesting the latter contribute to the overall genomic variation. We found that H decreased with increasing species extinction risk, suggesting that H may serve as a leading indicator of demographic trends related to formal IUCN conservation status in birds. Our analyses illustrate that genome-wide summary statistics estimated from sequence data reflect meaningful ecological attributes relevant to species conservation.

scholarly journals Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus Pseudacris (Hylidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Ethier ◽  
Aurore Fayard ◽  
Peter Soroye ◽  
Daeun Choi ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Chorus Frogs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chorus Frog

AbstractAmphibian biodiversity is declining globally, with over 40% of species being considered threatened to become extinct. Crucial to the success of conservation initiatives are a comprehensive understanding of life history and reproductive ecology of target species. Here we provide an overview of the Pseudacris genus, including breeding behaviour, reproduction, development, survival and longevity. We present an updated distribution map of the 18 species found throughout North America. We also summarize the conservation status at the national and subnational (state, provincial, and territorial) levels, in Canada, USA, and Mexico, to evaluate the relationship between life history traits and extinction risk. Results show a high degree of consistency in the life history traits of Pseudacris species considering their relative diversity and wide distribution in North America. However, data are lacking for several species, particularly in the Fat Frog and West Coast clades, causing some uncertainties and discrepancies in the literature. We also found that the most threatened populations of chorus frog were located in the east coast of the USA, potentially as a result of increased levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We suggest that the similarities in life history traits among chorus frog species provides an opportunity for collaboration and united efforts for the conservation of the genus.

scholarly journals Correction to: Incongruence between life-history traits and conservation status in reef corals

Coral Reefs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-493
Author(s):  
Tom C. L. Bridge ◽  
Osmar J. Luiz ◽  
Chao-Yang Kuo ◽  
Kristin Precoda ◽  
Elizabeth M. P. Madin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reef Corals

Every cog and wheel: Unraveling biocomplexity at the genomic and phenotypic level in a population complex of Chinook salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J. O’Leary ◽  
Tasha Q. Thompson ◽  
Mariah H. Meek
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Structural Genomic ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Fundamental Building Block ◽  
Salmon Population

AbstractGenomic diversity is the fundamental building block of biodiversity and the necessary ingredient for adaptation. Our rapidly increasing ability to quantify functional, compositional, and structural genomic diversity of populations forces the question of how to balance conservation goals – should the focus be on important functional diversity and key life history traits or on maximizing genomic diversity as a whole? Specifically, the intra-specific diversity (biocomplexity) comprised of phenotypic and genetic variation can determine the ability of a population to respond to changing environmental conditions. Here, we explore the biocomplexity of California’s Central Valley Chinook salmon population complex at a genomic level. Notably, despite apparent gene flow among individuals of different migration (life history) phenotypes inhabiting the same tributaries, each group is characterized by a component of unique genomic diversity. Our results emphasize the importance of formulating conservation goals focused on maintaining biocomplexity at both the phenotypic and genotypic level. Doing so will maintain the adaptive potential to increase the probability of persistence of the population complex despite changing environmental pressures.

scholarly journals Genomic stability through time despite decades of exploitation in cod on both sides of the Atlantic

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (15) ◽  
pp. e2025453118
Author(s):  
Malin L. Pinsky ◽  
Anne Maria Eikeset ◽  
Cecilia Helmerson ◽  
Ian R. Bradbury ◽  
Paul Bentzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genomic Change ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Intensive Exploitation

The mode and extent of rapid evolution and genomic change in response to human harvesting are key conservation issues. Although experiments and models have shown a high potential for both genetic and phenotypic change in response to fishing, empirical examples of genetic responses in wild populations are rare. Here, we compare whole-genome sequence data of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) that were collected before (early 20th century) and after (early 21st century) periods of intensive exploitation and rapid decline in the age of maturation from two geographically distinct populations in Newfoundland, Canada, and the northeast Arctic, Norway. Our temporal, genome-wide analyses of 346,290 loci show no substantial loss of genetic diversity and high effective population sizes. Moreover, we do not find distinct signals of strong selective sweeps anywhere in the genome, although we cannot rule out the possibility of highly polygenic evolution. Our observations suggest that phenotypic change in these populations is not constrained by irreversible loss of genomic variation and thus imply that former traits could be reestablished with demographic recovery.

scholarly journals Life history trait differences in isolated populations of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Lacey Williamson ◽  
Victoria Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey R. Walters
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Picoides Borealis ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Changes in life history traits can reveal adaptations to changing environments. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) are cooperative breeders that have specific reproductive habitat needs. We examined three separate sites in the southeastern United States to see how life history traits differed among isolated populations of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers from 1980 to 2013. We examined the life history traits group size, partial brood loss, number of fledglings, lay date, clutch size, and lifespan. Traits differed among sites, suggesting that populations were adapted to local conditions and different life history trade-offs were important under different environmental conditions at each site. At the two coastal sites in Florida and North Carolina, the family group sizes, lifespans, and partial brood loss were higher when compared to the inland site in North Carolina. Clutch size and number fledged were higher at the two northernmost sites when compared to the southern site. Identifying the differences in life history traits can allow more specific and effective management practices.

Incongruence between life-history traits and conservation status in reef corals

Coral Reefs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom C. L. Bridge ◽  
Osmar J. Luiz ◽  
Chao-Yang Kuo ◽  
Kristin Precoda ◽  
Elizabeth M. P. Madin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reef Corals

scholarly journals Life-history traits and extrinsic threats determine extinction risk in New Zealand lizards

2013 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid Tingley ◽  
Rod A. Hitchmough ◽  
David G. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Extinction Risk

scholarly journals Combined effects of life‐history traits and human impact on extinction risk of freshwater megafauna

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengzhi He ◽  
Simone D. Langhans ◽  
Christiane Zarfl ◽  
Roland Wanke ◽  
Klement Tockner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Combined Effects

scholarly journals A database of threat statuses and life-history traits of Red List species in Flanders (northern Belgium)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Maes ◽  
Dimitri Brosens ◽  
Filiep T’jollyn ◽  
Peter Desmet ◽  
Frederic Piesschaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Red List ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Red Lists

Red Lists estimate the extinction risk of species at global or regional levels and are important instruments in conservation policies. Global Red List assessments are readily available via the IUCN website (https://www.iucnredlist.org) and are regularly updated by (taxonomic) experts. Regional Red Lists, however, are not always easy to find and often use local criteria to assess the local extinction risk of species. Here, we publish a database with the outcome of 38 Red List assessments in Flanders (northern Belgium) between 1994 and 2018. In total, the database contains 6,224 records of 5,039 unique taxa pertaining to 24 different taxonomic groups. Using a quality control procedure, we evaluated the criteria used, the number of records, the temporal and spatial distribution of the data and the up-to-dateness of the Red Lists. This way, nineteen Red Lists were approved as being of sufficient high quality (i.e. validated) and nineteen others were not. Once validated, Red Lists are approved by the regional Minister of Environment and published in the Belgian Official Gazette acquiring legal status. For the validated Red Lists, we additionally compiled (life-history) traits that are applicable to a wide variety of species groups (taxonomic kingdom, environment, biotope, nutrient level, dispersal capacity, lifespan and cuddliness). The publication of this dataset allows comparison of Red List statuses with other European regions and countries and permits analyses about how certain (life-history) traits can explain the Red List status of species. The dataset will be regularly updated by adding new Red List (re)assessments and/or additional (life-history) traits.

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