scholarly journals II. On the origin of the proteids of the chyle and the transference of food materials from the intestine into the lacteals

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Food Particles

In consequence of the discovery that in many of the lower Metazoa the ingestion of food particles is the result of an amœboid activity of individual cells of the organism, and that digestion and assimilation may also occur within the protoplasm of cells thus endowed with amœboid activity, attention has of late been directed to the part which such cells may play in promoting absorption from the alimentary canal of Vertebrates. It is well known that lymph-cells occur in large numbers in the mucous membrane of the intestine, which is everywhere beset with them; besides which they form the nodular masses of the solitary and agminated glands.

scholarly journals XVIII. The minute anatomy of the alimentary canal

1876 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 451-488 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Physiological Laboratory

The following is an account of a research undertaken in the laboratory of the Brown Institution in July 1873, under the direction of Dr. Klein, and carried on there under his direction until October 1874. During the last year it has been continued in the physiological laboratory of St. George’s Hospital. Chapter I. The minute anatomy of the mucous membrane of the intestine, and the method of fat-absorption. In this chapter I propose first to state very briefly the result of my researches on the structure of the intestine and the method of fat-absorption; secondly, to relate the his­tory of these subjects; and, finally, to give a detailed account of this research.

Utilization of urea by sheep

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Schwartz ◽  
C. A. Schoeman ◽  
M. S. Färber
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Freely Suspended ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Strained Material

1.The breakdown of urea, soluble starch and glucose was followed in the rumen of fistulated sheep and in artificial rumens containing rumen ingesta or strained rumen fluid.2. Carbohydrate remained in the rumen two to three times as long when starch was dosed in vivo as when glucose was given.3. The relative rates of breakdown of urea and carbohydrate by strained rumen fluid in vitro differed markedly from those in vivo. This was due to the fact that straining removed large numbers of starch- and glucose-utilizing micro-organisms which were attached to the larger food particles, while the concentration of the urea-splitting organisms which were freely suspended in the strained liquor was apparently the same as that obtained in the strained material. Strained rumen fluid should therefore not be used for studies of the utilization of urea in vitro.

THE MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF GLOSSOGOBIUS GIURUS (HAM.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohd. Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Buccal Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Wide Mouth

Glossogobius giurus is a carnivorous fish with a wide mouth and a short alimentary canal. All the layers of tissue ordinarily found, in the wall of the gut are well developed except in the buccal cavity and the pharynx where the muscular layers are missing.The mucous membrane and the musculature vary greatly in the different regions. The muscularis mucosa is generally wanting. The stratum compactum is not well developed except in the buccal epithelium. There is a true stomach but no pyloric caeca. It is tentatively concluded that fish possess only pepsin-secreting gastric glands. Detailed descriptions are given of typical transverse sections of the various regions.

Viannella viscaciæ n.sp., a Nematode Parasite of the South American rodent Viscacia viscacia

1925 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goodey
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
South American ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The South ◽  
Zoological Society ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Subject

Two members of a collection of the South American rodent Viscacia viscacia received by the Zoological Society of London, died early this year, one of them about 10 days after arrival at the Gardens. At the post-mortem examination both were found to have the alimentary canal heavily parasitized with Trichostrongylid nematodes. In the stomach there occurred Graphidioides rudicaudatus and Trichostrongylus retortæformis, whilst in the small intestine there were a few specimens of Trichostrongylus retortæformis and large numbers of the worm which forms the subject of the present paper. To naked eye examination of the intestinal wall the worms appeared as small bright red spots about the size of a pin's head and it could be seen that each was spirally coiled.

scholarly journals II. Note on the minute anatomy of the alimentary canal

1874 ◽  
Vol 22 (148-155) ◽  
pp. 293-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Columnar Epithelium

The following results relating to the anatomy of the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal were obtained in the laboratory of the Brown Institution. The researches were carried out under the direction of Dr. Klein. 1. Connective-tissue corpuscles amongst the epithelium .—In specimens hardened in chromic acid and alcohol and stained in hæmatoxylin, structures are constantly seen among the columnar epithelium of the intestinal tract in many animals (as monkey, sheep, cat, dog, rat, rabbit) which belong to the connective tissue. These are :— (1) a delicate reticulum, which is continuous with that formed by the most superficial layer of connective-tissue corpuscles (the basement membrane) ; (2) round nucleated cells, exactly similar to those of the mucosa.

On some New Cephaline Gregarines

Parasitology ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Bhatia ◽  
Sam Setna
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Carpenter Bee ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lepidopterous Larva

Host: Xylocopa aestuans (Linn.). Locality: Lahore, India.The gregarine described below has been found abundantly in the alimentary canal of many specimens of the carpenter bee, Xylocopa aestuans (Linn.), and is the first to be described from any Hymenopteran host. Keilin (1918), in describing Leidyana tinei in a Lepidopterous larva, remarked that no gregarines had been found till then in the two large orders of holometabolic insects: Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. He further observed as follows: “The fact that gregarines have not been previously recorded in these two orders cannot be considered as due to lack of observation, since large numbers of these insects have been dissected for many different purposes. Possibly we can account for the infrequency of their occurrence because of the habits of the larvae of Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. These are often parasites in other Arthropods (Hymenoptera) or they are gallicolous (Hymenoptera) or phytophagous (Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera) or they live in nests and cells (Hymenoptera).” We have examined about 200 specimens of Xylocopa and found them practically always infected.

scholarly journals V. Research on the minute anatomy of the alimentary canal

1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
History Of

This research was commenced and carried on for the first fifteen months under the direction of Dr. Klein; during the last year it was continued independently. continued independently. Chapter I. describes the minute anatomy, of the mucous membrane of she small intestine and the method of fat-absorption. The author commences the Chapter by giving a history of the researches of previous observers, and the methods he employed for hardening and staining the tissue. He then gives a description of the minute structure of the mucosa.

scholarly journals Notes on three new parasites of the striped hamster ( Cricetulus griseus )

1926 ◽  
Vol 100 (704) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Cricetulus Griseus ◽  
Large Numbers

In the course of our experiments various natural parasites of the hamster have been observed, in addition to the usual intestinal fauna, and we append a brief description of three of these, Trypanosoma cricetuli , n. sp., Grahamella cricetuli , n. sp., and Sarcocystis cricetuli , n. sp. On the whole, this animal is remarkably free from ectoparasites, for during the examination of more than 800 hamsters we have only found them on two occasions. Hæmatopinus sp. was found in very large numbers on one emaciated individual, but, although it doubtless occurs on a small percentage of these animals, we have never succeeded in finding it again. Young and Hertig (1925) attempted to transmit Leishmania by means of this louse, but failed to obtain any evidence either of transmission or of development of the parasite in the alimentary canal of the insect. These results, combined with the rarity of this ectoparasite, indicate that in using the hamster for experiments on the transmission of Leishmania, Hæmatopinus may be neglected as complicating factor.

The problem of vast numbers of cladodont shark denticles in the Pennsylvanian Excello Shale of Pike County, Indiana

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Zangerl
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Average Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Field Museum ◽  
Pike County ◽  
Large Numbers

While studying X-ray films of new iniopterygians (Subterbranchialia, Chondrichthyes) in the Excello Shale from the Field Museum of Natural History's Bethel Quarry locality in southern Pike County, Indiana, a moderately dense spread of tiny cladodont shark denticles was noticed on the radiographs, confined to micro-horizons of shale about 7.5 mm thick, which also contained the iniopterygians.These denticle spreads, which are entirely unrelated to the iniopterygians, but are seen on X-ray films of most of the chondrichthyan skeletons collected from a sheet of Excello Shale of about 500 m2 in extent, and mostly from two very fossiliferous levels, have an average density of about nine denticles per 1 cm2. Because the chondrichthyan skeletons were collected from all parts of the quarry, it is probable that the denticle spreads in several micro-horizons extended over the entire quarry area and perhaps beyond. The number of denticles in each of the micro-horizons in 500 m2 of shale thus amounts to about 4.6 million.A discussion of the origin of these vast numbers of cladodont denticles, given a variety of taphonomic and depositional constraints, results in the conclusion that these large numbers of denticles could not have resulted from the two species of sharks, Denaea meccaensis and Stethacanthulus longipeniculus, that are members of the burial assemblage and bear dentition teeth indistinguishable from those in the areal spread. Evidence suggesting very rapid deposition of organic muds that produced the characteristic Mecca Quarry type carbonaceous, sheety shales rules out the possibility of accumulation of the denticle spreads over extended periods of time. Because sharks do not possess nearly enough dentition teeth to account for this occurrence, one must entertain the possibility that the denticles are not all dentition teeth, but perhaps for the most part mucous membrane (or even dermal) denticles, though none such are presently known to display cladodont design.

Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Atrophic Rhinitis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology in which infectious agents, hereditary predisposition, and metabolic disturbances have been reported to be of primary etiologic importance. It shares many similarities, both clinically and pathologically, with ozena in man. The disease is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. The fundamental cause for the localized lesion of bone in the nasal turbinates has not been established. Reduced osteogenesis, increased resorption related to inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, and excessive resorption due to osteocytic osteolysis stimulated by hyperparathyroidism have been suggested as possible pathogenetic mechanisms.The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate ultrastructurally bone cells in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced atrophic rhinitis, and to compare these findings to those in control pigs of the same age and pigs with the naturally occurring disease, in order to define the fundamental lesion responsible for the progressive reduction in volume of the osseous core.

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